ENRussia’s military modernisation, its emphasis on air superiority, and its repeated willingness to use military force to achieve its political objectives all drive NATO’s requirement to improve its air, land, and maritime capabilities along its eastern flank. As NATO deterrence and collective defence capabilities strengthen, it will be vital for NATO’s Baltic air policing mission to shift to an integrated air and missile defence posture with a fully integrated common operating picture for the Baltic Sea region. To maximise regional deterrence it is critical to conduct frequent exercises, continue regional air base access, and seamlessly integrate upgraded weapon systems.