ENAccession of the Visegrad countries to the EU in 2004 has brought many possibilities but also challenges for all economic sectors, including the agricultural sector, which has been strongly impacted by adoption of the Common Agricultural Policy. Besides their location, Visegrad countries share similar history and traditions, but on the other hand they also show important differences in initial conditions and the paths they chose to follow. This makes them a natural subject for comparative research. The objective of the paper is to assess the status of the agriculture in these countries after their accession to EU and adoption of the CAP. Using the latest available data, the paper analyses the importance of agriculture in economies of these countries, structure of agricultural holdings and the role of direct payments after the accession in 2004.