Rungimosi principo baudžiamajame procese realizavimas kriminalistikos priemonėmis: deklaracijos ir realizacijos

Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Knygos dalis / Part of the book
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Rungimosi principo baudžiamajame procese realizavimas kriminalistikos priemonėmis: deklaracijos ir realizacijos
Alternative Title:
Realization of adversarial process principle of criminal procedure law by criminalistic measures: declarations and realities
Summary / Abstract:

LTStraipsnyje autoriai iškelia problemą, jog valstybės suteikta prievartos naudojimo privilegija kartu užkrauna teisėsaugos institucijų pareigūnams, o vėliau ir teismams ir ypač sunkią atsakomybės naštą, kuri nėra vien formali, bet aiškiai išreikšta atitinkamomis taisyklėmis, kurios pačios paprastai gimsta vertinant konkrečius prievartos panaudojimo atvejus tiriant baudžiamąsias bylas, ir sukelia vienokias ar kitokias pasekmes. Autorių atlikti tyrimai parodė, kad šalia legalios teisėsaugos institucijų prievartos panaudojimo praktikos atsiranda nelegalių ir neteisėtų procesinės jėgos panaudojimo (neretai prisidengiant valstybės vardu) atvejų tiriant baudžiamąsias bylas teismuose. Siekiant išsiaiškinti minėtos neteisėtos prievartos panaudojimo aplinkybes, nustatyti jų padarinius, iškyla objektyvi būtinybė pasitikrinti, ar pareikštos valstybės pretenzijos asmeniui (įtarimai bei kaltinimai) iš viso buvo pagrįsti ir teisėti, o taip pat atskirti pagrįstą ir teisėtą įtarimą nuo taip vadinamų netikrų, išgalvotų kaltinimų (angl. "fake accusation"). Autorių nuomone, remiantis jų atliktais tyrimais, šio tikslo įmanoma siekti tik išimtinai teisėtomis priemonėmis, baudžiamojo proceso metu savalaikiai, operatyviai ir visapusiškai realizuojant savo teisę į gynybą bei meistriškai (kryptingai) panaudojus visą arsenalą kriminalistikos mokslo žinių ir pasiekimų. Tuo pačiu autoriai bando parodyti, kaip kriminalistikos priemonėmis gynėjo veikloje galima nuo rungimosi principo deklaravimo pereiti prie realesniojo įgyvendinimo [p. 110].

ENCriminalistics is that professional occupation concerned with the scientific analysis and examination of physical evidence, its interpretation, and its presentation in court. It involves the application of principles, techniques, and methods of the physical sciences, and has, as •ts primary objective, a determination of physical facts which may be significant in legal cases. The criminalist has a truly scientific spirit and should be inquiring, progressive, logical, and unbiased. The modern scientific mind is an open one, incompatible with secrecy of method. Scientific analyses will not be conducted by "secret processes", nor will conclusions in case work be based upon such tests and experiments as will not be revealed to the profession. This section is not intended to compel the issuance of a written report fully documenting all tests, experiments, and conclusions in every case. The investigation shall be one of fact-finding, not advocacy. The investigation shall be as thorough, objective and comprehensive as possible. A proper scientific method demands reliability of validity in the materials analyzed. Conclusions will not be drawn from materials which themselves appear unrepresentative, atypical, or unreliable. A truly scientific method requires that no generally discredited or unreliable procedure be utilized in the analysis. Tests are designed to disclose true facts and all interpretations shall be consistent with that purpose and will not be knowingly distorted. The criminalist, therefore, will avoid such terms as may be misconstrued or misunderstood. The criminalist has a moral obligation to see to it that the court understands the evidence as it exists and to present it in an impartial manner.It is the duty of any person practicing the profession of criminalistics to serve the interests of justice to the best of his or her ability at all times. In fulfilling this duty, he or she will use all of the scientific means at his or her command to ascertain all of the significant physical facts relative to the matters under investigation. Having made factual determinations, the criminalist must then interpret and evaluate their findings. In this they will be guided by experience and knowledge which, coupled with a serious consideration of the analytical findings and the application of sound judgment, may enable the criminalist to arrive at opinions and conclusions pertaining to the matters under study. These findings of fact, conclusions, and opinions should then be reported, with all the accuracy and skill of which the criminalist is capable, to the end that all may fully understand and be able to place the findings in their proper relationship to the problem at issue.

Subject:
Permalink:
https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/81804
Updated:
2022-01-21 16:01:47
Metrics:
Views: 35
Export: