Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės kanceliarijos knygų rūšys (1522-1540): kaita ir tęstinumas

LTApie tvarkingiau surašomas Vilniaus vaivados ir Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės kanclerio Alberto Goštauto (1522-1539) kanceliarijos knygas yra žinoma nuo Matvejaus Liubavskio laikų. Ši tezė laisvai keliauja iš vieno istoriko darbo į kitą. Ją galima vertinti kaip tam tikrą Lietuvos Metrikos istoriografijos "bendrą vietą" - "loci comuni". Net Nikolajus Berežkovas savo didįjį LDK kanceliarijos knygų tyrimą baigė ties 1522 m. liepos mėn. riba. Tai A. Goštauto kanceliarijos veiklos pradžios data, kuri, minėto istoriko nuomone, žymėjo nuoseklesnio knygų tvarkymo pradžią valdovo kanceliarijoje. Būtent šiai jau šiek tiek mistikos apgaubtai tvarkos problemai yra skirtas šis darbas. Tyrimo objektas - A. Goštauto (1522-1539) kanceliarijos knygos. Tyrime nagrinėjamos tik tokios LDK kanceliarijos knygos, kurias galima vadinti išduodamų ir gaunamų dokumentų registrais. [...]. [Iš straipsnio, p. 11]

ENThis article is dedicated to the issues relating to the types o f the GDL chancellery books. The analysed chancellery books are genetically related to the chancellery and represent the information processing and storage processes used therein. What we have in mind are the chancellery registers of the issued and received documents rather than books of document transcriptions (cartularies). This is speaking in terms of medieval diplomacy. In the framework of the m odem archival science, this would be the books of the GDL chancellery acts (records). A ll the books attributable to the defined period from 1522 to 1540 have been analysed, categorized, and characterized. Orderly books of the chancellery of Albertas Goštautas (Olbracht Gasztołd), the Chancellor and the Voivode of Vilnius, have been chosen as the object of the research. The result of the conducted research is the necessity to change the historiographic perception of the orderly books of the abovementioned Chancellor. Two clearly distinctive and chronologically isolated stages of the principles of chancellery book formation have been discovered and justified when com bining the aspects of change and continuity. Books attributable to the initial period (1522-1530) are characterized by the book formation reform, associated with A. Goštautas’ ascend of to the office of the chancellor. The chancellery managed to form chronologically parallel books dedicated to different document types, for example, "books of grants and confirmations" LM 12 (1522-1529), books of court documents (судовых листов) LM 224 (1522-1530), and books of complaints (жалобных листов) LM 14 (1524-1529).A new book, however, was not started to compile the legation documents of the period, the LM 7 book formed in 1506 was continued instead. Nevertheless, documents related to legation affairs were neatly accumulated and recorded in a separate book which was in accordance with the general essence of the chancellery book reform. Separately formed notebooks based on the documents of the sovereign’s court and directly relating to the sovereign’s whereabouts, namely the capital of the GDL Vilnius, were singled out. The resulting issues with regard to the term "court case books" were pointed out due to the disregard of the changing nature of formation principles applicable to different chancellery books. Other objectives of the reform and its effects on the record-keeping are less evident. The thesis proposed in the article that the key stimulus of the reform was a maximally thorough and consistent registration and thus control of the documents issued by the chancellery lacks an important aspect, namely a comparison with the general dynamics in the numbers of chancellery documents, as reflected in the books, in a longer period of time. The traces of issuance control are evidenced by the recording of Latin documents into the books which was carried out under the control of A. Goštautas’ scribe Martynas Turas. A distinct change in the order of chancellery book formation in the follow ing period (1530-1540) is chronologically synchronized with the changes in the chancellery staff.The GDL land treasurer and scribe Bohušas Bohovitinavičius (Bohusz Bohowitynowicz) died in 1530; Kapotis Vasiljevičius, marshal and the sovereign’s scribe, died in May of 1531; in January of 1531 the sovereign’s scribe Ivanas Homostajus (Iwan Homostaj) was appointed to the office of the land treasurer of the GDL and from June of 1531 Michailas Sviniuskis, who hitherto appeared in the matters of sovereign’s document preparation very occasionally (from 1529), became the main and the sole scribe of the sovereign. Gradually, over the period of 3 years (1530-1533), the principles of the new book formation order, based on the two chronologically parallel series of books, started showing through. The new order was discovered and described by Aliaksandras Hruša. [...].