Prancūzijos revoliucijos atgarsiai 1793 m. Gardino seimo retorikoje

LTLenkijos ir Lietuvos valstybės seimuose pasakytų kalbų publikacijos yra viena plačiausiai paplitusių XVIII a. antrosios pusės politinės raštijos formų, atskleidžianti to meto didikų ir bajorų moralines bei politines nuostatas, politinių ir geopolitinių įvykių vertinimus. Šiame straipsnyje, remiantis 1793 m. Gardino seime pasakytų kalbų analize, siekiama atskleisti senato ir pasiuntinių rūmų atstovų požiūrį į tuometinius politinius įvykius Prancūzijoje ir šioje šalyje vykstančios revoliucijos vertinimus.

ENThe publications of the speeches delivered at the Diets (Lith. Seimas) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth are one of the most widely spread forms of political writing of the second half of the 18th century revealing the moral and political attitudes of the lords and nobles of that time as well as their evaluations of political and geopolitical events. Based on the analysis of the speeches given in the Grodno Diet of 1793, the article attempts to reveal the attitude of the representatives of the Senate and the Chamber of Envoys towards the political events in France at that time and the evaluations of the revolution taking place in that country. The study revealed that the events of the French Revolution were in some aspect mentioned in the speeches of the members of the Diet throughout its entire period. Out of 435 addresses (mowa), remarks (uwagi), replies (odpowiedź), reflections (refleksja), voices (głos), explanatory discourses (wykład) or other types of verbal expression published in the course of the Diet and analysed in the study, 10 per cent of all speeches on the average include a direct reference to the French Revolution. The evaluation of the French Revolution in the forum of the Grodno Diet was concerned with the following aspects: 1) negation of the links of the French Revolution, in particular the Jacobin dictatorship, with the internal affairs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (that is what Poland and Lithuania were accused of by Russia and Prussia).2) evaluation of the impact of the economic turmoil caused by the French Revolution on the economy of other European countries because the French Revolutionary Wars made a negative influence on the economy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (in particular banks), and this aspect was also addressed in the speeches of the members of the Diet; 3) discussions on the influence of the French revolutionary ideas on the legal norms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Considering that the Reign of Terror that occurred in France in 1793 received a negative public response in Europe at that time, it is natural that in the essentially counter-revolutionary Grodno Diet the French Revolution, in the form it acquired during the period of Jacobin rule, was evaluated in a negative light. The discussions in the Diet on the limitation of French rights reveal that a part of members of the Diet disagreed to the persecution of the French, whereas the law - "Instruction for Regional Authorities in Respect of the French" - was passed by the efforts of the supporters of the Russian ambassador, Jacob Sievers.