Protestantizmo idėjų atspindys Lietuvos Brastos biblijos titulinio lapo meniniame apipavidalinime

LTLietuvos Brastos Biblija yra viena iš daugelio mūsų kultūros mįslių. Unikalus šios Biblijos titulinio lapo meninis apipavidalinimas - vienintelis visoje Lietuvos XVI a. knygos, kartu ir grafikos meno istorijoje, atrodo, neturėjęs nei pradžios, nei tąsos. To negalima paaiškinti vien trumpu Brastos spaustuvės veiklos laikotarpiu, tuo labiau, kad spaustuvė vėliau buvo perkelta į Vilnių, atiduota Akademijai ir garsėjo produkcijos gausa. Kaip žinoma, to meto spaustuvės savo praktikoje plačiai taikė kurios nors vienos knygos klišes, inicialus, ornamentinius raižinius bei kitus apipavidalinimo elementus ir kitiems leidiniams, o šiame raižinyje bei palyginti gausiai iliustruotame tekste yra daug puošnių elementų, kuriuos sėkmingai buvo galima naudoti ir vėliau. Titulinį lapą medžio raižinyje išraižęs dailininkas buvo didelio talento, tačiau jo kūrybos veiklos pėdsakų nesimato nei prieš, nei po Biblijos pasirodymo; paprastai visa, kas daroma ant popieriaus, išlieka ilgam vienokia ar kitokia forma. Akivaizdu, kad sukurti titulinį lapą buvo duotas specialus užsakymas kokiam nors garsiam to meto dailininkui, dirbusiam Radvilų dvare, galima prielaida, kad pakviestam iš užsienio, tačiau panašaus pobūdžio medžio raižinių, pasižyminčių charakteringa specifine raiška, nepasitaiko nei Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės, nei Lenkijos, nei pagaliau artimesnių ar tolimesnių kaimyninių Vakarų Europos kraštų dailėje.

ENThe Brasta Bible was published by the Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and governor Mikalojus Radvila Juodasis in his established Brasta printing house in 1553, which was the second in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania according to the establishing time and was the unique in the history of book design of the 16th c. in Lithuania. This artistic design of the Bible’s title-page reflects a spirit of period, together that is one of the most beautiful prints of Renaissance having a lot of symbolic elements of character. The composition of the Lithuanian Brasta Bible’s title - page renders the main ideas of Protestantism, reflects the new process of thought, humanism gave rise to it, underlining a free nature of human individuality and Reformation, which attempted to reform he dogmatizm of Roman Catholic Church, to bring it nearer to human being. The authentic faith value which was accentuated by the Protestantism through the knowledge of the Holy Writ individualistic human being’s position with respect to God, the direct unbosoming himself and man’s right to chose the idea which was originally expressed in ark — the Gate of Heaven — and symbolic of many seanses tree of the Bible.The tree symbolizes life and equels to life (vituality) without death, and every year renewal of tree is connected with the Christian idea of rebirth and resurrection. In the logic composition of the title-page the cognition’s tree is the symbol of all joining together, the kernel of sense (meaning), the receptacle Protestantical ideas of Christianity; according the doctrine of Lutheranism — only means of human being’s salvation is deep faith, and knowledge of Holy Writ — only precondition fo this faith, also is allowed a duty to an active serving to God. In composition dominates the right’s offered to human being to choose the eternal life comming through the Holy Writ or life with death’s idea: the sceen of death and reśu- raction — the evident confirmation of those rights. The influence of the ideas of Reformation, oriented to the common to all human beings’ values and the internal human being’s experience towards God, had a large influence upon the spheres of culture, education and spiritual renewing, was very different in its phenomena. The Lithuanian Brasta Radvilai’ Bible and its artistic design of the title-page, only one of examples of wide Protestantical movement with its distinct artistic language and symbolic contents suggestivelly characterizes its spirit.