Palangos miesto Jono Basanavičiaus gatvės erdvinė analizė

LTXX a. Palangos miesto struktūroje galutinai pradeda dominuoti Vytauto gatvė ir jai statmena Jono Basanavičiaus gatvė. Miesto struktūrinis modelis iš linijinio transformuojasi į „T“ formos modelį (Vyšniūnas, Cirtautas ir kt. 2008). Šiam procesui didelę įtaką padarė jūros tiltas, ant kurio tarsi atlikti ritualą (palydėti saulę) bei pasigrožėti kraštovaizdžiu ateina poilsiautojai. Jono Basanavičiaus gatvė transformavosi iš smėlėto kelio, vedančio iki jūros, prie kurio buvo pastatytos kelios Tiškevičių vilos, iki judrios pėsčiųjų gatvės su skirtingais užstatymo morfotipais. Straipsnyje analizuojama Jono Basanavičiaus gatvės architektūrinė-gamtinė kaita, veiksniai, mažinantys gatvės teigiamą emocinį poveikį.

ENEverything that has an emotional and visual effect on the resort visitor is known as the spirit of the area – “genius loci“. The first thing that leaves an impression is the Palanga botanical park that used to be the summer resort zone of the old villa. J. Basanavičius Street with its continuation, the Palanga bridge, along with an overview from it of the natural coast (sea – beach – dunes – coastal forest) with several vertical objects. From the end of the XIX century – beginning of the XX century, J. Basanavičius Street consisted of these functional zones, which started from Vytautas street: commercial-entertainment, recreational and villa, stroll area leading to the sea bridge. The current J. Basanavičius Street has developed an evident recreational character, with many holiday houses transformed into cafes, restaurants. One of the most important recreational objects in Palanga resort – the sea bridge was originally used to transfer goods by sea. It soon became apparent that the pier was not suitable for marine shipping, because it often got covered by sand. But the bridge remained a popular place for walks. J. Basanavičius street spaces are characterized by a consistent level of urbanization. When walking from Vytautas street building density proportionally decreases, making way for greenery. There are several important components on the streets track: the Kurhaus, fachverk building complex and Jūratė and Kąstytis Streets junction. The appeal of J. Basanavičius Street is formed by resort buildings, the symbiosis between Rąžė River, the greenery and architecture.The paper presents a comparative analysis of the object – J. Basanavičius street since 1986 (Grecevičius, Stauskas et al., 1986 ) and 2016. A portion of the problems at J. Basanavičius Street, that were identified three decades ago, have been solved: the restoration of J. Basanavičius Street, the creation of a visual connection with the Rąžė River, the restoration or demolition of buildings and recreational facilities with questionable architectural expressions. Nowadays the positive emotional effect of J. Basanavičius Street is confounded by aesthetic and spatial-compositional problems. There is a noticeable combination of various styles and different materials used in small architecture. One of the biggest problems is that the expressive architectural facades of the resort buildings become hidden under opaque terraces, shopping pavilions, large promotional boards.