ENFor a short time (1941-1942) Šiauliai “Aušra” Museum have been part of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. The paper deals with the scientific activities of Šiauliai “Aušra” Museum that influenced its becoming a scientific institution. Ethnographic expeditions, ethnographic archives, ethnographic questionnaires, archaeological research, publishing activities [„Šiaulių metraštis“ (Chronicles of Šiauliai), ethnographic journal „Gimtasai kraštas“ (Native Land)] of the museum since its foundation are reviewed.