ENThis paper provides an analysis of the role and development of international freight transport in Lithuania since independence from the Former Soviet Union in 1991. It reviews the current situation with regards to the movement of container traffic in particular, and uses the predominant international trade flow between Germany and Lithuania as an example. Discussion also centres around an assessment of the current situation of the three surface modes of sea, rail and road transport, the likely prospects of future developments in the context of European Union (EU) initiatives including those under the PAN European road scheme, and the impact of Lithuania’s impending entry into the EU.