Naujasis svetimžodis "zumas" - vartosenos ir semantinė analizė

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Darybos lizdas; Semantine struktūra; Semantinė struktūra; Svetimžodis; Vartosena; Derivation; Derivative field; Loan-word; Loanword; Semantic structure; Usage.

ENThe paper sets out to examine the new Lithuanian borrowing zumas ('zoom'), a professional jargon word used in photography and among computer specialists, also widely spread in spoken discourse and communicative sources of the internet. Its status of a widely used non-standard word is also known in other languages (Latvian, Byelorussian, Polish and Russian). It has not been included into lists and overviews of Lithuanian borrowings, and the dictionary of Lithuanian jargon, it is not found on the websites and data banks of language consultations. As seen from the results of research done into the usage of zumas, the borrowing's semantic structure is far from simple; it has numerous derivatives and spelling varieties. Presumably, it oversteps the boundaries of peripheral usage (professional jargon). Hopefully, it is not too late to look for Lithuanian words which could replace it. The standardised international terms of photography transfokatorius ('transfocator'), transfokacija ('transfocation') can only replace the borrowing zumas in cases when the focus is on changing the apparent distance of the object being viewed. The term skaitmeninis (elektroninis) transfokatorius ('digital/electronic transfocator') would be an erroneous term, since the concept of transfocation involves changing the image scale optically rather than digitally, i.e. changing the focal length. The new borrowing zumas is worth a more detailed analysis, its evaluation and inclusion into normative and lexicographic sources rather than only dictionaries of photography intended for laymen and available on the web. [From the publication]