Polijas-Lietuvas cīņa ar Maskavas valsti par Daugavpili 17. gadsimta 60. gados

ENThis article outlines military and diplomatic aspects of competition between the Polish-Lithuanian State and the Muscovite State for the fortress of Dünaburg together with the so-called Polish Inflanty (present-day Latgale) in the final period of the Great War of 1654–1667. It was the final stage of the battle for the south-eastern part of Inflanty between the Polish-Lithuanian State, the Muscovite State and Sweden. In July 1655, Dünaburg (Daugavpils) and Inflanty were taken by the Swedish army, but after the onset of the Russian-Swedish War in July 1656 the fortresses were occupied by the army of Tsar Aleksey Mikhailovich. In 1661 Sweden renounced its claim to this part of Inflanty by the provisions of the peace treaty in Kardis. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was too weak to claim back the territory. Therefore till 1665 the fight was carried on by poorly trained and undisciplined volunteers (mainly S. Czarniawski’s) who sabotaged supply and life in the fortress.Finally in September 1665, after defeating the army of I. Chowanski, the Lithuanian hetman Michael Kazimierz Pac with 3,000 to 4,000 soldiers started the blockade of Dünaburg. The blockade was very effective and could have brought the capitulation of Dünaburg if it had not been for the very complicated internal situation in Lithuania and the necessity to bring back the Lithuanian army to Korona to fight the rebels led by Jerzy Lubomirski in 1666. On 28 March 1666, I. Chowanski broke the military encirclement and forced the Lithuanian army to retreat to the southern shore of Dzwice. Although the Lithuanian army was stationed there till the beginning of June, they were not a threat to Dünaburg. In this article are also outlined the policies of the Kurland prince Gotthardt Kettler during this period and his efforts to maintain neutrality in the conflict between the Polish-Lithuanian State and Moscow. This policy made it difficult for Lithuania to undertake action to take back Infanty. The problem of Inflanty was solved during the peace negotiations in Andruszow. Moscow stalled the negotiations for many months. Finally on 7 January 1667 the Zsar’s commissioners declared readiness to concede Dünaburg which was accepted by Lithuania in March 1667. Until the first partition of the Polish-Lithuanian State in 1772 Düna-burg stayed within the borders of the Polish-Lithuanian State as an important fortification on the northern border and as the administrative centre of Inflanty.