Kompozitoriaus Vaclovo Paketūro kūryba lietuvių liaudies instrumentams: meninės koncepcijos ir techninių sprendimų darna
LTStraipsnyje analizuojama kompozitoriaus Vaclovo Paketūro kūryba lietuvių liaudies muzikos instrumentams, ypatingą dėmesį skiriant kūriniams solo kanklėms. Tai pirmasis darbas, išsamiai nagrinėjantis šio autoriaus kūrinių liaudies instrumentams kompozicinius bei atlikimo galimybių ypatumus. Straipsnio autorė, bendradarbiaudama su kompozitoriumi, susistemino jo kūrinius chronologine tvarka ir pateikė naujų faktų apie jų atsiradimo aplinkybes ir motyvus. Darbe aprašomos naujos autorės siūlomos sąvokos, skirtos kompozitoriaus kūryboje naudojamo originalaus garsaeilio bei visos kūrybos liaudies instrumentams stiliaus ypatumams nusakyti. Tyrimų tikslas – ištirti ir įprasminti kompozitoriaus V. Paketūro indėlį į lietuvių liaudies instrumentų repertuaro formavimo procesą. Uždaviniai: suklasifikuoti kompozitoriaus V. Paketūro kūrybą atsižvelgiant į kūrinių paskirtį ir instrumentinę sudėtį; kūrinius susisteminti chronologine tvarka ir pateikti trumpas jų charakteristikas; ištirti ir aprašyti motyvus, skatinusius kompozitorių kurti liaudies instrumentams; kompozicinės sandaros ir atlikimo galimybių aspektais išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti pagrindinius kompozitoriaus kūrybos solo kanklėms bruožus; išgryninti ir pateikti sąvokas, optimaliai apibūdinančias esminius kompozitoriaus kūrybos liaudies instrumentams ypatumus. Tyrimo metodai: repertuaro ir literatūros šaltinių analizė, aprašomasis, lyginamasis, klasifikavimo, interviu.
ENThis article analyses the work of Vaclovas Paketūras (born in 1928), one of the most prominent and active composers who developed music for Lithuanian folk instruments. This composer is one of the first professionals who created 44 opuses for folk instruments within five decades of his creative activity. This article describes the works of V. Paketūras for the kanklės (traditional Lithuanian stringed instrument), the birbynė (reed pipe) and chamber ensembles in chronological order, while focusing on the composer’s works for solo kanklės. The works of V. Paketūras for folk instruments reveal great success in achieving the didactic goals through the development of technique and even the inspiration for the development of instruments. V. Paketūras’ innovative approach to folk instruments caused a revolution in the world of professional music. The composer collaborated with the performers and in this way inspired the creation of new ways of performing, as well as solved some problems related to the instrument’s ability to perform (for example, the limited possibilities of changing the tone of the kanklės). The original system created by V. Paketūras for the formation of the prepared sound scale in order to develop works for kanklės can be considered to be one of the most successful and effective methods of solving the problem of limited performance of chromatic sounds with concert kanklės.After studying the peculiarities of the works created by the composer V. Paketūras for folk instruments, it can be concluded that the composer achieved several main goals, which later served as an example for many composers of the younger generation: to expand the pedagogical and concert repertoire corresponding to the tendencies of contemporary art both in quantitative and qualitative terms; to optimally adapt the musical material of the works to the instrument and technical possibilities of performance; to seek out interesting and new solutions in regard to the musical language of the works and acoustic expression of instruments; to encourage performers to consolidate established performance traditions and seek new possibilities of playing instruments which would best suit the artistic concept of the works. The works of the composer V. Paketūras for solo kanklės laid the foundations for the new direction of kanklės music, which might be called “rational modernism” (the concept proposed by the author of the article) and became one of the main driving forces of the development of folk instruments, resulting in the rather rapid and consistent progress of this art trend. The composer V. Paketūras plays an important role in the history of the development of folk instruments: his works are still considered to be the musical standards of these instruments, revealing their best technical and acoustic qualities as well as representing these instruments and their performers not only in Lithuania but abroad as well.
