Socialinių valstybės išlaidų produktyvumo vertinimas
LTStraipsnyje siekiama atpažinti valstybės socialinių išlaidų reikšmę valstybės išlaidų struktūroje, ištirti ryšį tarp valstybės socialinių išlaidų ir pagrindinių ekonominių rodiklių. Taip pat ieškoma priežastinių ryšių, galinčių paaiškinti sąryšius tarp analizuojamų duomenų ir bandoma nustatyti socialinių valstybės išlaidų produktyvumą. Straipsnyje siekiama parodyti socialinių valstybės išlaidų kitimą, priklausomumą nuo ekonominių svyravimų. Straipsnyje taip pat norima atskleisti visuomenėje besiformuojantį skirtingą požiūrį į socialines išlaidas ir naudą ekonomikai, taip pat norima parodyti, kad dalis socialinių išlaidų gali būti ir produktyvios.
ENThis paper seeks to identify the influence of social expenditure for the government cost structure. It also sought causative relationships that can explain relations between analyzed data and social costs. This paper aims to demonstrate the dynamics of public social spending, and its dependence on economic fluctuations. The article also seeks to reveal the evolving society of different views on the social costs and benefits to the economy, as well as to make an allusion that some of the social costs can be productive. The problem of the research. Government expenditure is one of the most important elements that require responsible government decisions. When dividing the budget for the sectors, most of the time the old rules are being used, because radical reforms can affect these sectors negatively, if it won’t be prepared for them, or if they would not be implemented successfully. We can find several different classifications in scientific literature, but in order to reveal the productivity of government expenditure, the classification according to productivity is being used. In this classification expenditure can be productive or non-productive, and the positive balance between them, when there is more productive expenditure than unproductive ones, shows the ability of the country and its government to control their expenditure in better way, and at the same time – to create economic benefit and growth. Social expenditure, according to OECD, is unproductive expenditure, but on the other hand, we can also say that this unproductivity is covered by corruption and nepotism and it is influenced by unproductive decisions and ineffective distribution of government payments for people who don’t need these social payments.These transfer payments are used to solve poverty problems, but because the influence of corruption and nepotism, this expenditure usually is too small and becomes a source of demotivation and disturbs to solve public problems of unemployment. These facts raise a question – maybe we should analyze productivity of social expenditure according to its inner structure, and maybe some of social expenditure is productive? Economic cycles have influence for government expenditure – this was seen in the analysis. When analyzing the statistical information of unemployment level it was seen that the expenditure acts like the traditional theory says – it raises when there is crisis and decreases when it ends, but when we talk about disability payments, it was seen that when the crisis strike, these expenditure raises and stabilize in that level without decreasing at the end. Very similar situation was noticed with maternity benefits – it rose when the crisis stroke, because it is a way to keep household income, and it reduces when the maternity period ends and the crisis is going to the end as well.
