Jaunimo nedarbo situacijos analizė ir perspektyvos

LTŠiuolaikinėje visuomenėje darbas yra laikomas viena didžiausių vertybių, nes iš darbinės veiklos gaunamos pajamos yra pagrindinis žmogaus pragyvenimo šaltinis. Pastaruoju metu dauguma šalių susiduria su nedarbo problema, kai bendrasis nedarbo lygis viršija natūralųjį nedarbo lygį, šalies ekonomika netenka dalies bendrojo nacionalinio produkto, kuris lieka nepagaminamas, didėja skurdas, išryškėja neigiamos socialinės problemos. Atlikti tyrimai rodo, kad jaunimo nedarbas yra viena opiausių šių dienų ekonominių ir socialinių problemų, nes beveik visose Europos valstybėse 2013 m., išskyrus Austriją, Vokietiją ir Šveicariją jaunimo nedarbo lygis buvo dvigubai aukštesnis už bendrą nedarbo lygį. Šiame straipnyje teoriniu ir praktiniu aspektu atliekama jaunimo nedarbo situacijos analizė bei numatomos perspektyvos.

ENDespite the fact, that the youth unemployment rate in EU is sufficiently higher than the average unemployment rate for the total EU working force (nearly as twice as high i.e. 21%); and that it has reached up to an average of 23% (in some EU countries up to 58%) in year 2013. Taking that into consideration, there is a double as high risk for a young people to stay unemployed as for the elder more experienced working force. Even though, there is still a very high lack of focus on youth integration process to a labour market in Lithuania. This research study based on the theoretical aspects has disclosed the concept of youth unemployment, as well as the main determinants of the youth unemployment. It presents the analysis of the youth unemployment´s situation in 2006-2013 in Lithuania. The empirical part of this article points out the retrospective analysis about the Lithuanian youth unemployment situation based on the data presented by Lithuanian Department of Statistics and the European Statistics Agency. The quantitative data was analyzed in absolute terms and relative terms as well as in calculated in percentage increase / decrease. The situational analysis of youth unemployment outlook was based on Lithuanian labor exchange data and expert opinion. The research study applies the generalization analysis and logical analysis. After our comparative analysis of the scientific field literature it can be stated, that the youth unemployment issues can be described as a lack of effective education, professional training, social security, labour market and economic policies. Youth unemployment situation analysis showed, that the greatest reduction in the number of young unemployed people in Lithuania have decreased in 2011, this due to the need for young people to leave their homeland in search for a better living conditions and higher academic achievement.In 2010 the youth unemployment rate in Lithuania reached the peak rate: 35,7 percent. Rapid growth of unemployment was the result of a real estate bubbles and the overrated financial markets. Such factors in their turn affected the country's economic development: construction manufacturing sector, wholesale, retail trade and banking sector. Youth employment rate grew even more because of limited or lack of: work experience, high professional preparation, training non-compliance with the requirements from labour market. It can be argued that the most important causes of high youth unemployment rate are: inadequate preparation of young unemployed people to compete in the labor market (i.e. over 46% young people under age of 29 years; every third - has never worked before. There is even more serious situation for youth of age between 16-24 years. This group stands for: 53,6%% with no professional training over 40% lack of working experience). In conclusion, our study shows that youth unemployment situation can be improved by helping young people to find work or/and encouragement for further education opportunities. Further, by applying Youth Guarantee initiative in collaboration with Lithuanian Labour Exchange and EURES experience exchange. This would guarantee not only that the young people active participated in work search process; it will reduce the number of unemployed and also will improve the country's economic - social welfare and EU in total.