Развитие городской структуры средневекового Выборга

ENWell preserved 15th-18th-century cultural layers were discovered during the 1999-2007 excavations in the lower part of the Medieval city. On the basis of excavation data, Vyborg is a city with four cultural-historical traditions. During the initial stage in the 15th century this Swedish city was mainly inhabited by ethnic Karelians, whose economy principally depended on husbandry and fishing. The needs of the inhabitants of Vyborg Castle were met by the products of these economic activities. In the 1470s Vyborg was enclosed by a stone wall and began to develop like a Medieval European city. During the last quarter of the 15th century imported goods from Germany, Scandinavia, and the eastern Baltic coast predominated in it. The nature of the city's development changed drastically. Stone construction began, mostly of churches and community buildings (the Orthodox cathedral, Dominican and Franciscan monastery churches, the town hall, etc.). Wooden houses still predominated in the city at that time.In the second half of the 16th century, Vyborg developed heavily to the east, where Modern era stone fortifications, the Hornwerk (Horned Fortress), were erected. After the approval of an orderly construction plan, stone residential homes began to be built in the city in the 1640s, which contributed to the erection of houses on the slopes of the central rocky heights. On the basis of archaeological excavation data, it is possible to think of Vyborg as an eastern territory of the Medieval and Modern era Baltic region since 15th - early 17th-century archaeological layers with distinct traces of general Baltic culture have survived in it.