Lietuvių kalbos substantiva communia kalbos etiketo požiūriu

ENWhile communicating language reveals relations between the speakers, the social context is also highlighted. Language etiquette is the expression of linguistic politeness. The Lithuanian language has nouns which denote a person but have no meaning of gender. These are nouns of more common meaning, they are used to name both a male and female person (e. g.: akìplėša, válkata, marmalas). According to the form some of them are of masculine gender (e. g., marmalas), others are of feminine gender (e.g., valkata), however, in some contexts they are masculine, in other feminine, e.g.: jis akiplėša / ji akiplėša. The pronoun shows what person (i.e. of what gender) this evaluation belongs to. Substantiva communia most often are words of the spoken language, dialectal words. The most important feature of SC is that they express subjective (most often negative) characteristic of a person (creature). These nouns highlight the feature, the speaker expresses emotionly his / her evaluation and attitude.Most of SC have derogatory, contemptous meanings ñ they are pejoratives. The negative relation of a speaker (addresser) and a listener (addressee), his / her negative estimation is expressed: 1) while sneering, ironizing; 2) nicknaming; 3) using vulgarisms; 4) scolding (cursing). Language etiquettee reflects the subculture of a social group. Language and speech are closely related to the point of view, beliefs, emotions, values of a person. The effectiveness of communication is determined by a lot of things: social roles, coordination of actions, empathy, etc. Common rules of behaviour, norms have not neccessarily be fxed in various codes, what is stored by nation, passed by family, what is the identity of a person is of greater importance. Community can not be impolite because it cares about nice and effective communication. However, the representatives of the same culture not always have the same values, keep to the same views and attitudes. Words by themthelses are neither polite nor impolite.