XIX a. papjė mašė sietynai Lietuvoje: nuo istorijos iki atribucijos ir rekonstrukcijos

LTRestauruojant Pacų rūmus Vilniuje Didžiojoje gatvėje, 2017 metų vasarą rasti kadaise rūmuose kabėjusio papjė mašė sietyno fragmentai. Teorinei dirbinio rekonstrukcijai surinkta nauja medžiaga paskatino rašyti apie anksčiau netyrinėtus retus šios medžiagos šviestuvus Lietuvoje. Straipsnyje pristatomi papjė mašė technikos tipai, apšvietimo priemones gaminusios dirbtuvės užsienio kraštuose, bei aptariami žinomi pavyzdžiai svetur ir Lietuvoje, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant Pacų rūmuose rasto sietyno istorinei analizei ir plastinei rekonstrukcijai.

ENDuring the restoration of the Palace of Рас family in Vilnius old town (Didžioji Street. 7), fragments of papier-mache chandelier were found. The new material collected for the theoretical reconstruction of this luxurious artefact led to the publication of rare earlier unexplored papier-mache light fixtures in Lithuania. The topic has received very little research attention. Publication Japanned Papier Mache and Tinware c.1740-1940 (Woodbridge: Antique Collectors’ Club Ltd, 2012) by English author Yvonne Jones was helpful in describing the technique of papier-mache. Information on the activity of papier-mache chandelier workshops was provided by Igor Sichev’s comprehensive book Russian Bronze (Русская бронза. Энциклопедия русского антиквариата, 2003). This article shortly presents types of papier-mache techniques and workshops in the foreign countries. Data of the written sources are analysed, various survived and not survived examples are overviewed. The main focus of article is the chandelier found in the Palace of Рас. Stylistics of fragments of the item shows that it was made in the middle of the 19th century. As the top and the bottom parts of the item were lost, the search of analogue chandelier was made.Accidentally the photo of the Palace of Verkiai were discovered, where three identical chandeliers can be seen. Written and iconographic sources let raise hypothesis that fragments of chandelier found in the Palace of Рас belongs to the one of three chandeliers earlier suspended in the Palace of Verkiai. The analysis of papje-mache chandeliers in Lithuania leads to several conclusions: 1) the small number of surviving examples and the data of the sources show that papje-mache light fixtures were rare items; 2) chandeliers made from this inexpensive material decorated luxurious interiors of noblemen’s palaces; 3) papier-mache chandeliers distinguished in their shape and ornament, and they did not repeat the lighting devices made from more expensive materials.