XIX a. II pusės stiklo karoliukų antepedijus: kilmė, stilius, restauravimas

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjama Lietuvos liturginės tekstilės paveldo kontekste išskirtine technika išausto antepedijaus stilistika, meninės ypatybės, keliamos galimos jo kilmės hipotezės, supažindinama su XIX a. liturginių reikmenų gamybos specifika ir kontekstu, pristatoma dirbinio restauravimas ir atliktų tyrimų rezultatai.

ENThe glass beads woven antependium with the first letter of the name of the Blessed Virgin Mary has been found in the attic of the Kaunas Cathedral Basilica of apostles St Peter and St Paul alongside with other valuable items and transferred to the Kaunas Archdiocese Museum in 2005. The antependium discussed in this publication is decorated with glass beads of various forms, size and colour (about 15 shades). The fabric (70 cm *159.5 cm) is attached to a metal subframe (88 X 165 cm), which is mounted to the broad wooden carved frames (90 x 167 cm). A piece of art of this size carried out in this technique and a liturgical accessory in the textile was recorded for the first time in the restoration practice of the Pr. Gudynas Restoration Centre of the Lithuanian Art Museum. The investigation of the stylistics of this liturgical accessory and comparison with other similar articles demonstrated undoubtedly that it was woven in the second half of the 19th c., probably in France. According to the size of the antependium, it does not fit for the mensas of any altars of the Kaunas Cathedral. However, at the end of the 19th c., a new mensa was made for the main altar of this church.At the same time, a new altar was built in the Blessed Sacrament Chapel. On the other hand, there is a possibility that this antependium entered into the Kaunas Cathedral in the 1940s-1950s, when the collections of the Church Art Museum, which functioned in the inter war period, were distributed. A hypothesis is proposed in the article that the obtaining of the antependium from France may be related to the Tyszkiewicz family, which representatives supplied the chapels of their manors and patronized churches with liturgical accessories produced in the workshops of France. However, a review of the archival documents of several churches patronized of the Tyszkiewicz family in the second half of the 19th - first half of the 20th c. does not reveal the similar liturgical accessory. Hence, the precise origin of this antependium requires further studies. The liturgical textile of the 19lh c. is valued ambiguously. Some objects are recognized as the works of art, while the others as a cheap industrial production. However, the antependium found in the attic of the Kaunas Cathedral is exceptional in the context of the Lithuanian textile.Firstly, it is distinguished by its technology. The pattem of the accessory is woven with green, blue, red, pink, white, yellow and brown colour shades and tonnes glass beads. This technique of weaving has so far been documented only in stoles. Secondly, the pattem composition and application of neo-gothic architectural elements as well as the tune of neo-baroque plant ornaments are distinguished with high art expression and artistic quality. This virtuoso pattern composition and technology creates a live graphic texture and a subtle aesthetic view. Because there are no survived historical data and documentation, which evidence the origin of this liturgical accessory, the workshop, which wove it, cannot be established. However, after the restoration of the antependium, the distinction of its creation techniques has revealed and its aesthetic beauty was unclosed. A thick layer of dust and dirt was removed during the restoration; the lost fabric fragments were restored using modem technologies. The professional restoration of art pieces is a crucial step towards their preservation. When finishing the restoration stages, the further condition of the art pieces depends to a large extent on the storage conditions.