Особливості українських писанок і литовських margučiai: види та техніки створення

ENThe article presents a comparative analysis of Ukrainian pysanka and Lithuanian margučiai. It examines the peculiarities of the terminology and semantics of the names 'pysanka', 'margutis', 'Easter egg'; identifies common and distinctive techniques, the difference in the tools used, which determine the basis of the visual lexicon: techniques and pictorial elements of Ukrainian pysanka and Lithuanian margučiai. The purpose of the article is to study the artistic and stylistic features of Ukrainian pysanka and Lithuanian margučiai; to identify common and distinctive features in the technique, tools and materials used. The aims and objectives of the study determined the use of comparative studies, historical and comparative analysis as the main research methods. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the terminology, classification, technical, technological and stylistic features of Ukrainian and Lithuanian Easter eggs are compared. The study concludes that the names 'pysanka' and 'margutis' have a common basis with the original meaning 'to make colourful, to decorate', which is explained by the fact that the Ukrainian and Lithuanian languages belong to the common Indo-European language family.It is argued that the names 'pysanka' (margutis) and 'Easter egg' are not synonymous, as they have different semantic codes rooted in opposite worldview paradigms: pagan mythological and religious Christian. It was found that the traditional types of ceremonial eggs common in Ukraine: krashanka, krapanka, pysanka and driapanka are available in Lithuania (except for krapanka). Instead, Easter eggs painted with wax, which is not removed, are widespread in Lithuania; in Ukraine, this type of Easter egg is used in the culture of certain ethnic groups of the Carpathians. Key words: Ukraine, Lithuania, pysanka, margutis, painting technique, culture.