ENThe article seeks to reveal the theories and practical aspects relative to the research issues of Lithuanian identity and how to critically assess the concept of "to be a Lithuanian". It is maintained that identity/alterity is a meaningful investigation in contemporary society. The article investigates the concept of "self" and "other" in history, the identities of the people of Lithuania, and their viewpoints on belonging to a nation, an ethnic group, a community, a territory, or similar concepts. [From the publication]