Kristijono Donelaičio socialinės pažiūros ir Martynas Liuteris

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Didysis katekizmas; Kristijonas Donelaitis; Lietarūra; Literatūra, XVIII a.; Liuteronų teologija; Martinas Lutheris; Martynas Liuteris; Pasaulėžiūra; Prūsija; Religija; Socialinė mintis; Socialinės pažiūros; Christian Donalitius; Kristijonas Donelaitis; Large Catechism; Literature; Lithuanian literature, 18th century; Lutheran theology; Martin Luther; Prussia; Religion; Social idea; Social views; World outlook.

ENThe article discusses the views of a classic of Lithuanian literature, the author of the poem Metai (The Seasons), pastor Kristijonas Donelaitis (1714–1780). He was a personality of educative attitudes and had a strong world outlook, which is not related to the orthodox theology of Martin Luther and Lutherans, or the views of the characters in Metai. In the second half of the 18th c., this ideology was criticised and modern legal views were expressed by not only philosophers, but also theologists and preachers. One of the most sensitive issues at that time in Prussia was social relations, their inevitable change was evident. Martin Luther’s teachings on the question of social issues are highly controversial: the Large Catechism talks about human dignity, justice and mercy to the poor, but in other writings Luther emphasises the exclusiveness of the government and the full obedience of the lower classes, condemning any discontent, resistance, rebellion from the poor people. Donelaitis’ archival sources, fables and his poem are dominated by the theme of social equality, greed, lawlessness, duplicity and exploitation are condemned. The poet has not directly expressed his view on the most important Lutheran orthodox dogma, particularly the will of God (predestination), but his position, particularly on the “right God”, are a clear indication of the fact that Donelaitis, as did the majority of educated priests in his time, disagree with the medieval views of Luther and the Lutheran orthodoxy. [From the publication]