ENThe aim of the article is to point at the most important elements determining the contemporary condition of the Polish-Lithuanian relations. Since they are now shaped mostly by the current argument concerning the Lithuanian Poles’ rights and its offshoot - a considerable part of the text was devoted to this issue as well as some relevant comments, mostly of a political type. Nonetheless, the elaboration deals also with one purely social question - both societies’ attitudes evoked by the present conflict and attitudes towards each other. Moreover, the final part of the article presents the construction of the whole book.