LTStraipsnyje pristatomas Vakarų Europos medicinos pagalbos modelis ir jo pritaikymas Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje. Šis modelis Vakarų Europoje susiklostė XIII a., kai Europos universitetuose pradėta dėstyti medicina, išsikristalizavo atitinkančios to meto lygį medicinos praktikų funkcijos, veiklos galimybės ir teisėtumas. Tai lėmė tripakopės medicinos paslaugų teikimo schemos susidarymą. Šios schemos aukščiausia grandis buvo universitetą baigę medicinos daktarai, taip pat amatininkai barzdaskučiai-chirurgai ir vaistininkai, kurie įvairiuose Europos miestuose laikė viešąsias vaistines. Ilgainiui šie medicinos paslaugų teikėjai tapo vieninteliai teisėti ir gerai atpažįstami visoje Europoje. Nuolatos LDK teritorijoje veikiantys medicinos daktarai, barzdaskučiai ir vaistininkai fiksuojami gana vėlai – tik XV–XVI a. sandūroje. Iki pat XVIII a. tokio tipo medicinos praktikų funkcijos buvo atpažįstamos, o veiklos galimybės įteisintos ir priminė Vakarų Europoje jau įprastą medicinos paslaugų teikimo modelį. Vis dėlto vieninteliame LDK teritorijoje veikusiame Vilniaus universitete iki pat 1781 m. nebuvo medicinos fakulteto. Nesant tokios akademinės institucijos, visas Vakarų Europos medicinos paslaugų teikimo modelis nebuvo pritaikytas ir tai lėmė tam tikrus medicinos paslaugų skirtumus šioje šalyje. Jie ir bus pristatomi ir analizuojami šiame straipsnyje. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Barzdaskučiai-chirurgai; Gydytojai; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Medicinos daktarai; Medicinos paslaugų teikimo modelis; Vaistininkai; Žolininkai; Apothecaries; Barber-surgeons; Barbers-surgeons; Doctors; Herbalists; Medical doctors; Medicinal service model; Pharmacists; The Grand Duchy of Lithuania; The model of medical assistance.
ENThe object of this research is the Western Europe model of medical assistance and its aplication in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (futher – GDL) during the 16th–18th centuries. This model of medical assistance was formed in the 13th century and the main impact of its formation was provided by new academic medical education in European universities. This model of medical assistance consisted of medical doctors or physicians, barbers-surgeons and pharmacists. They became the unique legal medical personnel in many European countries. All other healers and medical practitioners became illegal and illegitimate, though they have not disappeared and continued to exist behind official medicine. The research is focused on medical practitioners who were working in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This article presents the characteristics of their functions and the legitimacy of their activities. The researched proved that the Western European model of medical assistance wasn’t fully transmitted to and applied in the GDL. The main reason for that was the lack of an academic medical education institution in this country that was not rectified until the end of the 18th century. All medical science ideas and concepts which came from Western Europe to the GDL were mixed, combined and not fully applied. There was also a certain level of differentiation among medical doctors. They were mainly strangers who worked in courts of rulers and nobles, their services were too expensive for the main part of the GDL population. The service of barbers-surgeons and pharmacists were similar to other European countries. On the other hand, barbers-surgeons and pharmacists worked only in the towns and were unavailable for that part of the GDL population that had resided in rural areas. Due to other medical personnel, unskilled physicians were also allowed and tolerated. [From the publication]