ENThe author investigates the relation between poetical fiction and reality. It is supposed that both are parts of the human world. Therefore, they both can have one criterion of understanding. The author prefers Aristotle’s poetical model of understanding of the living world. This poetical horizontal world-view is opposed to the ideological vertical worldview. Poetical model is extended with the aspects of the existential being to death {Mitsein zum Tode). In this way existential criterion of the truth arises. If the poetical fiction extends world-view and opens ethical human world, is it less real than reality?.