Tėvo statuso krizė šiandienos visuomenėje
LTStraipsnyje pristatomas tėvo statuso klausimas ir jo svarba tapatumo formavimosi procese sąsajoje su triasmeniu santykiu šeimoje: tėvo, motinos ir vaiko. Šis psichologinis aspektas svarbus ne tik asmens tapatinimosi procesui, bet ir savojo „Aš“ suvokimui, santykio su išoriniu pasauliu ir Dievu, kaip Tėvu, susikūrimui. Aptariama ne tik tėvo krizė šiandieninėje visuomenėje, bet ir pačios krizės fenomenas, kuris paskatina žmogiškąją brandą ir padeda pasirinkti (ne) konfliktuojant su autoritetu (kurio pradmuo ir slypi santykyje su tėvu).
ENNot all types of psychology (general or special, or deterministic) use the function concepts. Many of them have the different approaches and do not care about the question of the father’s function, because for them it is a cultural issue; it does not consider the subject, but the phenomena, structures; it is a narrative concept for them. Not all psychologies take into account the speaking subject, only psychoanalysis and therapy, the prospects allowed by psychoanalysis. It takes therefore a psychology that can - think of “myself’ in connection with the possibility to speak. The psychology of the speaking subject (psychoanalysis) explains the function of the father, because it is an effect of the talking. We have started from clinical experience, from psychotherapy, which addresses the issue of actual experiences. We took into consideration some essential factors and we are asking for what they say about the reality of the function of the father, a real structure and present in the individual’s identification (the subject) and in the family and human relations. Because the paternal function has the key to the understanding of connection with reality and with himself. To understand how S. Freud faces the issue of the father function, the analysis provided in these pages were based on the following three works written by Sigmund Freud about it: Totem and Taboo, Group Psychology and the analysis of the Ego, and Moses and Monotheism.One of the first experts to have explicitly talked about a changing society, focusing on the crisis of the father figure, was the German psychologist A. Mitscherlich. In his book of the psycho-sociological nature “Towards a society without father” of 1963 the author starts with an analysis of social changes to state that the society lives in a period of crisis caused by growing father absence and it is from this observation that we must start a research to find the cure from a pathological state of society. A. Mitscherlich defines the absence of the father in two respects: the first occurs when the father physiologically becomes invisible, while the second, when are eliminated the authority and the power of the father. E. H. Erikson is a German psychologist and psychoanalyst who has included the problems of child psychoanalysis in the context of sociological and anthropological research. One of the key words to understand his works is the term crisis and the concept of identity crisis, that the individual has to go through passing from one stage of maturity to another. And the father’s function is seen in this maturing process (and crisis) as a figure that helps to make choices for the personal maturing and identifying of yourself.
