Esminiai asmens duomenų apsaugos baudžiamajame procese reformos Europos Sąjungoje aspektai ir jų įtaka nacionaliniam teisiniam reguliavimui

LTStraipsnyje apžvelgiami esminiai Europos Sąjungos teisėkūroje vykstančios asmens duomenų apsaugos baudžiamajame procese reformos aspektai. Aptariamas kintantis asmens duomenų subjekto vaidmuo, pagrindinių teisių, susijusių su asmens duomenų apsauga, katalogas bei jų gynybos būdai. Nurodžius esmines naujosios direktyvos dėl fizinių asmenų apsaugos kompetentingoms institucijoms tvarkant asmens duomenis nusikalstamų veikų prevencijos, tyrimo, nustatymo ar traukimo baudžiamojon atsakomybėn už jas arba baudžiamųjų sankcijų vykdymo tikslais ir dėl laisvo tokių duomenų judėjimo nuostatas, įvertinami būtini nacionalinio reguliavimo pokyčiai šių nuostatų kontekste.

ENPersonal data protection in the field of criminal proceedings and cooperation between law enforcement institutions has been undergoing fundamental changes since the year 2012 in the European Union. On the 16th April, 2016 European Parliament has voted for legislative reform package which includes Directive on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and the free movement of such data. Article analysis the main aspects of this new EU level legal act in the light of the national legislation and highlights principal issues in the area. The center of the reform undoubtedly becomes the subject of personal data as the baseline of the changes in EU legislation is the necessity to enhance its envolvement in the processing of data subject‘s personal data. The right to personal data protection is a part of a general protection of persons‘s privacy but in the field of criminal justice it can also be related to the right of information during criminal proceedings. It also relates to other procedural rights, such as the right to effective legal defense, and as a result – becomes one of the main areas of protection during national and especially international criminal proceedings. Data subject is granted with the main right to be informed about the fact that his personal data has been processed and with several coherent rights – to rectify, erase, restrict the use of his personal data. However, all of these rights can be restricted in compliance with the aims of criminal proceedings so it is necessary to provide effective tools for the protection of one‘s personal data even under such complicated conditions.As one of the main shortcoming in the national legislation could be singled out the lack of information with which data subject is provided during criminal proceedings. National law enforcement authorities often fail to inform data subject about his rights related to personal data protection, the fact about processing of personal data itself is often not being disclosed even after the period during which personal data has been processed. Really sensitive matter is also the aim of personal data processing. Personal data are often being processed too extensively for the prevention of crimes, the period of data retention is mostly undefined, changes of the aim for processing of personal data are done without any additional review of its lawfulness. Another serious problem is that the independent supervisory authority is not involved in the personal data processing in the criminal proceedings in any manner. Such an authority, along with the subject‘s rights to launch a complaint and seek the reparation for damage done during the unlawful personal data processing, are the main safeguards which can guarantee the balance between personal data protection and the peculiarities of criminal proceedings. All of the above mentioned problems can only be resolved with corresponding legislative changes and a proper application of legal norms in practice.