XIV-XVII a. Pabaisko apylinkių gyventojų antropologinė apžvalga
LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Antropologija; Apleopatologija; Archeologija; Bioarcheologija; Kaulai; 14 amžius; 15 amžius; 16 amžius; 17 amžius; Mirtingumas; Osteologija; Pabaisko apylinkės; Palaidojimai; 14 amžius; 15 amžius; 16 amžius; 17 amžius; 14-17 cent; Anthropology; Archaeology; Bioarchaeology; Bones; Death rate; Graves; Lithuania; Lithuanian XIV-XVII c. history; Osteology; Pabaiskas environs; Paleopathology.
ENThe article focuses on the anthropological overview of the 14-17th century citizens in the territory of Pabaiskas. The anthropological analysis included the examination of the remains of 90 individuals from three cemeteries that were excavated in 2012-2014: Gaiciūnai (14-15th c.c.), Pabaiskas (16-17th c.c.) and Rakaučizna (16-17th c.c.). The old cemetery of Rakaučizna was not included into the final analysis due to its specifics; only the citizens of Gaiciūnai and Pabaiskas were included into the overview. Although the sample was not big (28 registered graves), the obtained results demonstrated possible differences between males and females in the territory of Pabaiskas. The research determined that a fourth of the buried people were children, whereas the distribution between males and females buried in Pabaiskas and Gaiciūnai cemeteries was relatively equal: 9 males and 10 females were identified. Possible interdependence of the age of the deceased and pathologies were recorded for both genders. The greatest death rate was noted among newborns and babies. The first months or years of life could be decisive in surviving; however, it was determined that young citizens of Pabaiskas suffered from anaemia and scurvy that resulted from the weakened system due to the lack of food. The death rate was diminished at the age of five.The indicators started to grow in the second half of a person's life: the approximate death rate of males ranged from 30 to 39 years, whereas the one of females ranged from 30 to 49 years. In this case the findings were rather unusual: normally a greater death rate of females is observed at a younger age, which is connected to comparatively harder life conditions, pregnancies or complications with giving birth. Certain pathological differences were distinguished in terms of gender. It is likely that males living in the territory of Pabaiskas suffered from different accidents that caused injuries, e.g. broken long bones or ribs. Only one case - broken nasal bone - pointed to a possible conflict. Meanwhile, women had to suffer from spine injuries caused by hard work and age. Archaeological excavations of the territory of Pabaiskas that aimed at identifying the place and victims of the Battle of Pabaiskas provided with another valuable historical detail - the remains found in churchyards and old cemeteries of the 17th century, which revealed the daily life of ordinary villagers. [From the publication]
