Lietuvos rinkoje parduodamų išvykimo krepšių atitikimas oficialioms civilinės saugos rekomendacijoms: turinio ir kainos tyrimas

LTPrasidėjus karui Ukrainoje, civilinės saugos mokymų metu Lietuvoje, visuomenė pradėta supažindinti su išvykimo krepšiu, jo paskirtimi ir turinio elementais. Mokymų metu dalyviai dažnai teiraujasi kokį išvykimo krepšį pirkti arba kurioje parduotuvėje jį galima įsigyti. Klausimas aktualus, nes tikrai kai kuriose internetinėse parduotuvėse atsirado tokių krepšių pasiūla. Internetinių parduotuvių išvykimo krepšių turinys nėra reglamentuojamas jokiais specialiais įstatymais, tad tik nuo paties pardavėjo priklauso kokį turinį jis komplektuoja parduodamame išvykimo krepšyje. Tyrimo metu siekta ištirti ar Lietuvoje parduodami išvykimo krepšiai atitinka oficialias rekomendacijas skelbiamas internetiniame puslapyje LT72.LT. Tyrimo metu buvo palyginti penkių internetinių parduotuvių išvykimo krepšių siūlomo turinio sąrašai su oficialiu sąrašu. Taip siekta išsiaiškinti ar parduodamas turinys atitinka oficialias rekomendacijas. Taip pat siekta palyginti vieno iš Lietuvoje parduodamų išvykimo krepšio kainą, kurią pirkėjas sumokėtų jei įsigytų iškart sukomplektuotą išvykimo krepšį, su kainomis jei pirkėjas įsigytų pavienius to paties krepšio turinį sudarančių elementus. Pirmuoju atveju išsigryninus rekomenduojamą sąrašą buvo lyginama kiek jie sutampa ir pagal tai daromos išvados ar galima tokį krepšį rekomenduoti įsigyti; antruoju vieno išvykimo krepšio siūloma kaina buvo lyginama su jo turinio sąraše esančių pavienių elementų kainomis kitose internetinėse parduotuvėse. Tyrimas parodė, kad jei vertintume tik sąrašą, kai kurie išvykimo krepšiai iš dalies atitiktų oficialias rekomendacijas (t. y. vertinant tik elementų skaičių, bet ne jų kokybę, perteklinius ar besidubliuojančius daiktus).Kita tyrimo dalis parodė, kad perkant iškart sukomplektuotą išvykimo krepšį, mokama beveik dvigubai didesnė kaina nei tuo atveju jei asmuo išvykimo krepšį komplektuotų savarankiškai. Siekiant įgyvendinti pirmąjį uždavinį naudotas lyginamoji analizė, siekiant pagal krepšio paskirtį apibrėžti jo turinį. Antrajam uždaviniui naudota palyginimo-sugretinimo metodas, kuriuo vadovaujantis nustatytas Lietuvos rinkoje parduodamų išvykimo krepšių atitikimas oficialioms civilinės saugos rekomendacijoms. Trečiasis uždavinys įgyvendintas naudojant atvejo ir duomenų analizės metodus, kurių dėka buvo galima apskaičiuoti kiek pirkėjas permoka įsigydamas konkretų išvykimo krepšį. Pagrindinės sąvokos: išvykimo krepšys, pasirengimas ekstremalioms situacijoms, prekyba išvykimo krepšiais, išvykimo krepšio kaina, civilinė sauga.

ENFollowing the outbreak of the war in Ukraine, civil protection training in Lithuania began to introduce the public to the Disaster Supplies Kit, its purpose and contents. This is a special kurpine for emergencies. The Disaster Supplies Kit is a pre-prepared kit that contains everything you would need to survive autonomously for 72 hours. During the civil safety training, participants often ask what kind of Disaster Supplies Kit to buy or where to buy it. The question is relevant as some online shops have indeed started to offer such Disaster Supplies Kits. The contents of the Disaster Supplies Kits in online shops are not regulated by any specific law, so it is up to the seller to decide what contents he includes in the Disaster Supplies Kit he sells. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the Disaster Supplies Kits sold in Lithuania comply with the official recommendations published on the on the official website of the Fire Protection Department - LT72.LT. The research compared the lists of contents offered by the four Disaster Supplies Kits with the official list. The aim was to find out whether the content sold is in line with the official guidelines. It also sought to compare the price that a customer would pay for one of the departure bags sold in Lithuania if they bought a complete Disaster Supplies Kit with the price that they would pay if they bought the individual contents of the same bag. In the first case, the recommended list was extracted and compared to the extent to which they overlapped, leading to conclusions as to whether such a Disaster Supplies Kit could be recommended for purchase. The checklist was taken from the LT72.LT website. From this list, individual and general purpose items were distinguished. Individual items are packed according to people's own needs, but the generic list is such that it can be fully packed in the Disaster Supplies Kits provided by online shps.These items on the official list, the general purpose items, have been compared with the contents of the commercially available Disaster Supplies Kit. The official name of the Disaster Supplies Kit (išvykimo krepšys) used in the civil protection training in the Republic of Lithuania, but synonymous terms such as Evacuation Backpack (evakuacinė kuprinė) or Survival Backpack (išgyvenimo kurpinė) are often used alongside it, which can be confusing. While the departure bag and the evacuation rucksack are still synonymous, the term survival rucksack is a completely different concept. A survival rucksack would be what in English-speaking countries is known as a Survival Kit, a package designed to provide you with the essentials in an emergency to increase your chances of preserving your health and life. It is thus an indefinite survival kit designed to have the basic tools in the event of a ship or plane crash or if lost in natural conditions such as jungles or mountains, and the contents of this kit are rather loose and usually depend on the area to which the person will be travelling. The departure bag in English-speaking countries is usually called the Disaster Supplies Kit and is designed to provide 72 hours of autonomous survival in emergency situations. Its equipment is very clearly defined in the civil protection guidelines. Following the list of civil protection recommendations of the Republic of Lithuania allowed us to compare the compliance of the bags on the market. In the second case, the suggested price of a single Disaster Supplies Kit was compared with the prices of the individual items in the list of contents in other online shops. The research showed that if only the list was considered, some of the Disaster Supplies Kits would be partially in line with the official recommendations (i.e. considering only the number of items, but not their quality, redundant or duplicated items).In this case, the contents of one of the departure bags in Lithuania were taken. The price of a complete Disaster Supplies Kit was compared to the price of a person who would buy everything himself and make his own individual Disaster Supplies Kit. Each element of the departure bag in question was found in other shops. The calculation of the purchase price of the individual items came to 117 euro, which is EUR 95.59 less than the price of a complete bag in a shop. The cost of the complete Disaster Supplies Kit is EUR 212.59. The estimated cost of the individual elements of the other departure bag was €143.09. This is less €82 more expensive than buying a complete departure bag in a shop where the regular price of a departure bag is €225.00. So a person buying a complete Disaster Supplies Kit pays twice the price. Another part of the research showed that buying a pre-packed Disaster Supplies Kit almost doubles the price of a self-packed departure bag. An important part of the research was the semantic meaning of the name of the Disaster Supplies Kit. By comparing this name with other names used synonymously (such as Evacuation Bag and Survival Backpack), it was found that the use of the official name, i.e. Disaster Supplies Kit, does not create a negative perception of the emergency situation itself. Calling it an Evacuation Bag creates a negative attitude towards the emergency. The other name often used synonymously, i.e. Survival Backpack, is not appropriate because of the different purpose of the backpack. In order to achieve the first task, an interpretative semantics approach is used to determine the most appropriate structure for the name of the bag in question. [...] Keywords: Disaster Supplies Kit, Emergency Preparedness, Disaster Supplies Kit Trade, Disaster Supplies Kit.