ENThe article attempts to derive rules for the protection of multiculturalism by the European Union and its' member states in the wider context of the protection of fundamental rights in the European Union. The paper shows the legal and ideological basis of multiculturalism according to the European Union law and highlights the special role of the European Parliament for the protection of rights of citizens of the European Union. The author draws attention to the gap between the general standards set by the European Union in the field of human rights protection and the individual actions of the European Union to the problems of the Polish minority in Lithuania that should guarantee the linguistic rights, that is, among others, for example right to the official spelling of names in native language or the use of bilingual topographical signs.