Vandens motyvas Liūnės Sutemos ir Astridos Ivaskos poezijoje

LTStraipsnyje pasitelkus fenomenologinės analizės principus siekiama apžvelgti vandens motyvo svarbą dviejų baltų tautų poečių – Liūnės Sutemos ir Astridos Ivaskos kūryboje. Reikšmingas Liūnės Sutemos ir Astridos Ivaskos poetinio pasaulėvaizdžio elementas yra vanduo, savitai ženklinantis pasaulio ritmus ir žmogaus egzistenciją, glaudžiai susijęs su asmenybės saviidentifikacija. Liūnės Sutemos ir Astridos Ivaskos poezijoje vandens stichija dažniausia įprasminama lietaus, sniego, ledo, ežero, jūros struktūra, kuria liudijama stipri gyvenimo manifestacija, viename lygmenyje simboliškai susiejant realybę ir iliuziją, realų ir anapusinį pasaulį. Vanduo Liūnės Sutemos ir Astridos Ivaskos poezijoje yra ir mirties, ir gyvybės simbolis. Poečių kūrybą artina ryškios individo pastangos išsaugoti savą dvasinį pasaulį, savą kultūrinį „ego“ – etninę atmintį subrandinusį gimtosios aplinkos, kalbos, žmonių santykių lauką; jūros banga, lietus, sniegas, lašas – dažniausios vandens formos, eilėraščio poetinėje erdvėje įprasminančios šias gyvybės išlaikymo, sielos atgijimo, pabudimo semas. Liūnės Sutemos ir Astridos Ivaskos kūrybą artina ir saviidentifikacijos paieškos: pasiaukojančios, atnašaujančios moters savastis. Darbo metodai: analitinis interpretacinis, aprašomasis, fenomenologinis, lyginamasis.

ENLiūnė Sutema and Astrida Ivaska are certainly among the most unique writers in Baltic literature. Experiences in life as well as in historical, political, and cultural situation of the Baltic states, and their attention for Baltic history and culture structured their poetic world-view. Cultural traditions intersect in their poetry. One of the most important symbols in their poetry is water, which has the meaning of the rhythms of the world and human existance. Also it is closely linked to personal self-identification. The element of water in the poetry of Liūnė Sutema and Astrida Ivaska is mostly a symbol of rain, snow, ice, and the lake, which mostly show strong manifestation of life, and fuse reality and illusion, the real and posthumous life on the same plane. In their poetry, Liūnė Sutema and Astrida Ivaska focus on internal and external waters: lakes, rivers, and seas. Liūnė Sutema writes much about a lake: in her poems it reflects a myth (a sunken lake, Eglė the Queen of Grass-snakes, mythologem), creates the feeling of a cluttered world, marks a possible betrayal and a threat, and a model of hostile human relations. The lake and the sea in Astrida Ivaskaʹs poetry show the harmony between a person and nature which covers all bad inner feelings and frustrations. Lake water in her poetry is linked to the memory of the autochthons and old tribes. It evokes the subject’s spiritual vitality and awakening power. Water in the poetry of Liūnė Sutema and Astrida Ivaska is the symbol of both life and death. In their poems, the individual tries to save his or her own spiritual world and cultural ego, the ethnic memory which was formed by environment, language, and interpersonal relationships. We notice numerous symbols of rain and snow: in the poems they symbolize life protection and revival of the soul.Water is also associated with home. Home in the poetry of Liūnė Sutema and Astrida Ivaska takes a significant place. Their homes are enveloped in grey clouds and their roofs are wet with rain. This reminds us of Gaston Bachelard who wrote about the symbol of heavy water that symbolizes extraordinary life which ends with an extraordinary death. The river in the poetry of Liūnė Sutema and Astrida Ivaska is a symbol of human existence and blood. Traditionally this type of water symbolizes the binary opposition of motion/static. The poetry of these two writers is similar due to their quest for their self-identification: in their poetry, we feel an altruistic, self-sacrificing, and unselfish woman. A significant feature of Liūnė Sutema’s poetry is the motive of sisterhood, which is mostly associated with water. She writes about situations in which a human receives or is given water, or is drowning. In these poems, the destiny of the Baltic woman is mostly that of loss, she feels the pain of deaths. Having lost the foundation of her world she is left with nothing in her hands. Astrida Ivaska shows a strong woman as the centre of the universe whose power is nonetheless vincible. Her identity is expressed through such metaphors as lagoons or the coast. Water remains a significant factor that links these two Baltic poets.