ENIn this paper, the author presents the key results of a post-doctoral research project dedicated to mutual relationships between Lithuanian and Polish theatre in XXth c. The author argues that in the course of the last century both internal and external conditions for theatrical exchange were rather negative. Lack of thoroughgoing contacts between both theatre fields was preconditioned by antagonistic politics (in the Interwar period), too broad an advancement on the Polish side in an eye of official Soviet ideology (in the Soviet period) as well as similar patterns of change in early post-Soviet era, where both theatre fields were more concerned with theatrical culturemes coming from the West. This last stage, however, was also marked with a steep rise in interest with Lithuanian theatre in Poland. The author argues, that in this particular moment the creative work of Lithuanian directors (Eimuntas Nekrošius, Oskaras Koršunovas et at) has grown to a status of a Lithuanian cultureme and was preferred in a part of the Polish theatre field.