Lietuvos kaimo socialinės infrastruktūros prioritetiniai sektoriai ir plėtros modelis

LTTam tikro teritorinio administracinio vieneto racionali socialinė infrastruktūra - tai ne mechaniška skirtingų ekonominės veiklos rūšių, objektų suma, o jų kompleksas, kurio visi elementai turi būti atitinkamo dydžio, optimaliai išdėstyti, kad duotų pakankamai gerą rezultatą. Tikslinga kaimo socialinės infrastruktūros (KSI) plėtrą atitinkamai tvarkyti ir reguliuoti, prireikus, išlyginti atsiradusius atskirų teritorijų skirtumus. Bendras šalies kaimo socialinės infrastruktūros būklės vertinimas, atsižvelgiant į rajonus, parodė didelius skirtumus tiek pagal sektorius, tiek pagal rajonus. Nevienodai plėtojami atskiri KSI sektoriai mažina visos KSI efektyvumą. KSI modelis yra sudarytas erdvinės ekonomikos analizės metodu, pagrįstas pakopiškumo, hierarchiškumo ir kompleksiškumo principais, rodo integruotą kaimo ir miesto socialinės infrastruktūros plėtojimą. Kiekybiniai ir kokybiniai KSI tyrimai atlikti 1996 - 2000 m.

ENRural social infrastructure is a territorial system of interrelated relations and types of economical activity, which provide conditions for the creation of human, physical capital and values that are used by the society and individuals to satisfy their individual and social requirements. To do economical evaluation of rural social infrastructure quantitative and qualitative research is carried out. Qualitative research (questioning rural population) is an auxiliary instrument for quantitative research. General evaluation of situation in sectors of rural social infrastructure in districts shows significant differences among both sectors and districts. The weak part in Lithuanian rural social infrastructure is transport, health and social security sectors. The strong part in Lithuanian rural social infrastructure is sectors of education and culture, which ones in rural areas are developed by state and municipalities, and sector of trade and everyday services, which is mostly developed on the basis of private business.Rural social infrastructure objects should be distributed following the principles of hierarchy, integration and complexity. Network of the objects, operating in rural social infrastructure system, make a hierarchical structure, which is determined by the assortment of services in the level, frequency of services, bayed by the clients and degree of services differentiation. Rural social infrastructure improvement should be started in the regions where rural social infrastructure conditions are most inadequate to average evaluation in the country. Rural social infrastructure improvement in a region should be started with the sectors that are most inadequate to average evaluation in the country and should be carried out in the following order: 1) transport sector; 2) health and social care sector; 3) person and property protection sector; 4) trade and everyday services sector; 5) communication sector; 6) communal services; 7) cultural sector; 8) educational sector. Rural social infrastructure improvement should be started with dealing with the main problems: activity of cultural objects, public transport, health and education objects.