XVIII a. Lietuvos lotyniškoji proginė literatūra pijorų edukacijoje : tradicijos tęstinumas ir Apšvietos epochos inovacijos

LTLietuvos lotyniškosios proginės literatūros raidą ir funkcionavimą lėmusios aplinkybės buvo dvejopo pobūdžio: teorines prielaidas proginei kūrybai rastis ir plėtotis sudarė jėzuitų humanistinis mokymo metodas, pagrįstas Antikos literatūros studijomis ir imitacija. Praktines šios literatūros funkcionavimo sąlygas lėmė jos pritaikomumas: proginiai kūriniai gyvai atspindėjo krašto politinio visuomeninio, kultūrinio ir bažnytinio gyvenimo aktualijas ir atliko savitą visuomeninės kultūrinės komunikacijos funkciją. Jėzuitų įtvirtintas humanitarinio mokymo modelis, Europos edukacinėje sistemoje gyvavęs nuo XVI a., buvo būdingas ir kitų vienuolijų mokykloms. Straipsnio tikslas - koncentruojantis į humanitarinių studijų specifiką nustatyti, kokią vietą proginė literatūra užėmė pijorų, XVIII a. švietimo sistemos reformatorių, mokymo programoje ir kaip Apšvietos epochos mąstysena koreliavo su proginės kūrybos tradicija. [Iš leidinio]

ENSeeking to determine the innovations of the humanities studies of the Piarist monastic order, typical for the Age of Enlightenment, several groups of sources were invoked for the research. The first group, representing the period up to educational reform initiated by Stanisław Konarski consists of 17th c. documents regulating the activities and education of the Piarists. The most important of them are Methodus, seu Ratio studiorum pro Extensa Capitulo Generali 1694 institutą (The method, or educational provisions, devoted to confirming the general chapter of foreign [Piarist provinces], in 1694) and the Synopsis Constitutionum [...] Scholarum Piarum (The compendium of provisions [...] of the Piarist schools, 1698). Their analysis lets one to state that in the pre-reform period the structure and content of the humanities education process of the Piarist Congregation were very closely related to the model of Jesuit education. The second group of sources, illustrating the essential changes of the educational system and cultural scrolls in the Age of Enlightenment, is represented by two works of Stanisław Konarski - De emendandis eloquentiae vitiis (About the correctable flaws of eloquence, 1741) and Ordinationes Visitationis Apostolicae [...] pro provincia Polona [...] Scholarum Piarum.(Instructions of the Apostolic visitation for the Piarist province of Poland, 1753-1754) and the collection of methodological instructions revealing the specifics of the Piarist province of Lithuania Methodus docendipro Schölts Pits provinciae Litvaniae (Educational regulations for the Piarist schools of the province of Lithuania, 1761). The study showed that, in response to the needs of the Age of Enlightenment, the Piarists of Lithuania introduced new disciplines essentially not distancing from the fundamental studia humaniora principles, so literary creations also continued to be an important component of the educational process. The tradition of occasional literature, having experienced theoretical and practical modifications in the educational and cultural plane, in the reformed Piarist education program did not fulfill a lesser role than was allocated in the Jesuit education system. The change in the genre priorities and stylistic norms shows the clear changes occurring in the Age of Enlightenment aesthetics of occasional literature: by Konarski's efforts panegyric was being pushed out from the academic environment and at the same time literary circulation, and in the second half of the 18th c. the literature genres most exploited by the Piarists became the ode to epigram. [From the publication]