Tarpukario bažnytkaimių formavimasis ir sklaida dabartinėje Lietuvos teritorijoje

LTNuo XVIII a. pabaigos bažnytkaimiai turėjo įtakos krašto socialinei, kultūrinei, amatų ir prekybos, religijos ir švietimo raidai. Šios funkcijos suformavo savitą bažnytkaimių tinklą, kuris funkcionavo kaip socialinė, urbanistinė ir vizualinė grandis Lietuvos apgyvendinimo sistemoje ir kraštovaizdžio struktūroje. Nuo XX a. vidurio tradicinę gyvenamosios ir sakralinės funkcijos prioritetą pakeitė augantys gamybos ir komercijos interesai. Darbo tikslas - išnagrinėti tarpukario bažnytkaimių formavimosi ir sklaidos aplinkybes dabartinėje Lietuvos teritorijoje.

ENVillages with churches influenced development of country’s culture, society, crafts and businesses, religion and education from the end of the 18th century. These functions have formed distinctive network of villages with churches, which had functioned as social, urban, and visual element in the system of Lithuanian residential settlements and in visual structure of the landscape. Villages with churches functioned together with cities, towns, and villages. Villages with churches can be considered as functional link and intermediate visual hierarchical landmark between villages and towns. Town and cities were developed according cosmopolitan principles of urban design, whereas development of villages with churches was based on vernacular architectural traditions. Only the central part of these villages combined vernacular architectural traditions with imported trends of design and urbanism. In the middle of the 20th century priority of residential and religious functions was replaced with the increasing interests of production and commerce. During the Soviet period large opened spaces and massive volumes of agricultural industrial buildings and equipment were formed in Lithuanian rural landscape. After the restoration of the independence new owners of land and other property unrestrictedly initiate new social and visual changes. Historical, culturological surveys and valuations, as well as questions of inventories and legal regulations of Lithuanian villages with churches became increasingly relevant in the quest to preserve country’s cultural identity. The aim of the research is to analyze development of villages with churches during the period between the World Wars and their dispersion in the present territory of the Republic of Lithuania.