ENHistory is influenced by objective and subjective factors. Lithuanian phenomenon was the movement of the Lithuanian language, which helped the Lithuanian identity to remain alive. It reaches the times when Lithuanian nobility began to undergo Polonization in its native country, but then it met with opposition. Historical process analysis helps to understand why one nation survived, while the names of others remained only in historic annals. Here you will find the answer and will learn why the Lithuanians failed to regain their independence in 1945 but succeeded in 1990. In the first case, at that time the Empire prospered; in the second case it was in turmoil (the eve of the change of regimes). To understand the further course of events, we have to look back into history. Each geopolitical space has its peculiarities, formed by long-term traditions. Lithuanian peculiarity is the fact that it has never won a battle using guns against the invaders, but after losing the battles the Lithuanians focused on cultural activities – to preserve national identity. So now the attention concentrated to criticism of communism is useful to new Russian imperialists. We are dealing with the same, only more aggressive Russian imperialism as three hundred years ago. Exactly from the same positions we have to look at the relationship between the Reform Movement and the Lithuanian Communist Party – Lithuanian branch of the CPSU, which has nothing to do with the restoration of Lithuanian statehood. The branch was influenced by the members of the Reform Movement, and when Moscow did not have a chance to support it and all its structures were full of the Reform Movement and Independence ideas, it stopped existing, and the Reform Movement appeared from the depths of the nation.