Nim doszło do Sinych Wód: księstwa ruskie wobec Litwy w pierwszych dziesięcioleciach po najeździe mongolskim

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuviai; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštija, XIII a.; 14 amžius; Mindaugas; Mongolai; Mūšiai; Rusia, XIII a.; Rusėnai; Totoriai; Batlles; Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 13th century; Lithuanian XIV c. history; Lithuanians; Mindaugas; Mongols; Ruthenia, 13th century; Ruthenians; Tatars; Rusija (Russia).

ENThere are three or even four models of Lithuanian relations with western Ruthenian principalities in 13th century according to the author: 1) resistance to the Lithuanian expansion with the stronger neighbours' support, 2) recognition of the Lithuanian superior ruler, 3) recognition of the Lithuanian superior ruler who ruled with the inferior help of the local Rurikovich prince, 3a) recognition of the Lithuanian superiority and in the same time the submission to a stronger Rurikovich neighbour. The last model is typical exclusively for Roman Danylovich, who as the Prince of Black Ruthenia (Navahradak) was in the same time under the control of his father Danylo of Halych, and Mindaugas, the King of Lithuania. Due to the sources author came to the conclusion that for the Ruthenians from the borderland it was much better to be submitted to the Lithuanians instead of puting up resistance to them with the Rurikovich princes' support. This attitude was one of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania's keys to success in her rivalry with the Golden Horde over the submission of the Western and Southern lands ruled by the Rurikovichs. [From the publication]