Ornamentuoti lankai arklių kinkymui: tyrimai ir konservavimas
LTArklių kinkymui skirtas lankas naudojamas į vežimą kinkant vieną arklį su pavalkais. Jis sujungia ienas ir kartu švelnina nelygiu keliu riedančių ratų smūgius, taigi turi būti stangrus, tvirtas, lengvas, geriausia - iš guobos ar ievos medžio. Lankai arklių kinkymui - daugelio jau primiršti ūkio inventoriaus atributai. Paprastus lankus dar naudoja arklius laikantys ūkininkai, bet puošnesni, skirti šventadienio kelionei į miestelį, jau išmesti ar kur giliai į pasienį užkišti. Bėgdami nuo religinio persekiojimo prieš 300 metų į Lietuvą atsikraustę Rusijos sentikiai pasklido po įvairias Lietuvos vietoves, tarp jų - ir Anykščių apylinkes. Su kaimynais lietuviais jie pasidalijo savo istorinio amato - medžio apdirbimo - paslaptimis. Norėdami parodyti, kad įgūdžių neprarado iki šiol, Lietuvos sentikiai susirinkę iš aplinkinių kaimų, kuriuose tebegyvena glaudžiomis bendruomenėmis, amatus pristatė Niūronyse Arklio muziejuje 2010 m. organizuotame renginyje. Mironas Zelevas iš Topoliškių kaimo račiaus amato išmoko iš kaimyno ir dabar yra vienintelis Anykščių rajone dar dirbantis račius. Lankus arkliams jis lenkia pagal senąsias tradicijas, nenaudoja klijuoto medžio. Žiemą nukirstas žilvitis pakinktu tampa pavasarėjant, kai mediena lankstesnė. Meistras žilvičio ieško senose sodybose, pakelėse. Jaunesni medžiai lankams netinka. „Čia reikia skaldyto medžio. Perskeli, tada reikia tašyti, drožti, ir tuomet, kai paruoši, - lenkti. Žinoma, jei šaka kur pakliūna, tai jau ir negerai - nesulenksi“, - pasakojo pakinktų meistras.
ENThe sled bow is used when harnessing a horse with a horse collar. The best bows are made from elm or bird cherry tree. Bows used for harnessing a horse are old-fashioned household utensils. Regular bows are still used in the horse farms, but decorated bows for the feast in a town has been already forgotten. Two horse bows (one trimmed and the other polychromed) were brought to Pranas Gudynas Centre for Restoration from the Samogitian Museum ‘Alka’. Horse harnessing bow (inventory no. B. 5606, h -144 x 73 x 3 cm) was bent from a single piece of wood. Colour of the wood is bright, damaged by pests, ends partially destroyed. Both sides of the bow are decorated with plant and geometric ornaments. Bow ends were coated with metal sheaths, they disappeared. Bow surface was covered with dirt and scurf. Horse harnessing bow (inventory no. B. 5017, h - 162 x 76 x 3,5 cm) was bent from a single piece of wood. Colour of the wood is bright, damaged by pests. The upper part of the bow is most damaged spot, the wood here is disordered and locally chipped. The bow was decorated with polychrome plant motives; the paint was chipped - only 60% left. Bow surface was covered with a gray-greenish mould. Bow ends are fettered by black metal tin sleeves. Tin is severely corroded, brittle, deformed, edges chipped. Before the conservation the polychrome painting was investigated with micro-chemical qualitative analysis and spectral analysis of pigments and varnish coating; stratigraphic analysis of the paint samples, SEM/EDX analysis of the white metal layer were carried out.Blue, red, yellow and green paint were used for painting. Identified pigments: white lead, synthetic ultramarine, yellow organic dye, cinnabar and synthetic alizarin. Stratigraphic analysis of the paint samples showed that a very thin layer of paint with a thickness of just 12 to 17 microns was used. As a result, we failed to distinguish between extremely thin layers of paint and pinpoint the paint binder. Wood was primed; primer contains protein and starch; on the primer is a pink transparent natural resin layer, on the resin tin sheets are layered. Tin is painted; the paint is close to the solubility of the oil paint. Paint was coated with light blue lacquer (copal resin). Bows were disinfected by protection agent Hylotox Q (Poland). Wood at its ends consolidated with polyethylene glycol. Chipped spots were filled with wood dust and melted polyethylene glycol. Dirt from the wood surface was removed by solvent mixture. Crumbling polychrome painting was glued with Lascaux (Germany). Dirt from the polychrome surface was removed with the dilute solution of Lascaux. Wood damaged by pest was consolidated with a polymer Paraliod B-82 solution. We were unable to dismantle black metal tin re- mains without damaging them. Metal plate was consolidated with polymer Paraliod B-82, covered with a protective coating of polyethylene wax. Usage of Lascaux answered the purpose. Polychrome layer remained elastic, colours were left unchanged.
