Viešojo valdymo santykis su administracine teise neturtinės žalos atlyginimo bylose

LTĮstatymų leidėjo įtvirtinta nuostata dėl neturtinės žalos atlyginimo administracinėse bylose, kai valdžios institucijos atlieka neteisėtus veiksmus, labai svarbus momentas kiekvieno Lietuvos Respublikos piliečio gyvenime. Kiekvienas pilietis gali ginti savo pažeistas neturtines vertybes teisme ir už patirtus išgyvenimus gauti piniginės išraiškos kompensacijų. Tačiau Europos Žmogaus Teisių Teismas savo praktikoje taiko ne vien tik piniginio pobūdžio kompensacijų, tačiau pripažįsta ir teisės pažeidimą, kaip pakankamą moralinę satisfakciją. Kol kas administraciniai teismai neturtinę žalą atlygina pinigais, nes teisės pažeidimo pripažinimas kelia diskusijų bangą, ar apskritai ją galima priskirti neturtinės žalos institutui. Straipsnyje apžvelgiama administracinių teismų ir teisingumo ministerijos pateikiama statistika dėl valdžios institucijų atliktų neteisėtų veiksmų, aptariamos dviejų pakopų (bendros kompetencijos ir specialiosios kompetencijos) teismų problemos, taip pat analizuojama, kurią sąvoką tikslingiau vartoti – viešasis valdymas ar viešasis administravimas.

ENIn this article the authors analyze who has a right to solve conflicts of the public administration subjects, which made illegal acts, overview statistics of illegal acts, identify who becomes a defendant in administrative cases, when public administration subjects make illegal acts. Also the authors discuss how non-pecuniary damage is compensated. The growing number of complaints received by Lithuanian courts, also by European Court of Human Rights about the illegal acts of public administration subjects, shows that government institutions improperly perform their job, lack respect for the person and promote distrust of government. Research aim: to analyze the administrative law position in the public governance context examining the cases of non-pecuniary damages. Summarizing the results, the authors present the following conclusions. The analysis of public governance and public administration concepts has revealed that public administration is currently a component of public governance, and public governance is a broad activity of government institutions and management, which combines policy-making, decision-making and realization of public programs and projects. There are a lot of government institutions involved in public governance, which carries functions of government; however, problems arise because of the different definition of "public authority" treatment in different legal acts. While public administration subjects take part in a variety of administrative law regulated relations.conflicts arise between individual people and the public administration subjects, also among the public administration subjects. Such conflicts are examined by special Lithuanian courts. Although, the separation of cases between general competence courts and special competence courts were determined by law, but very often conflicts arise between the abovementioned judicial courts when an administrative case, in which one of the parties is a public administration subject, can be attributed to both the general competence court, as well as the special competence court. Having analyzed the documents it has been stated that the number of cases of illegal acts made by government institutions is increasing, particularly, non-material damage claims individuals who are imprisoned. Increasingly growing number of complaints received by European Court of Human Rights has also been noted, which shows that the Lithuanian legal system still does not adapt to the commitments signed by the European Convention of Human Rights. In administrative cases, when the defendant becomes the Lithuanian state or municipality, strict liability is applied, that means without fault, and it shows that the citizen is a weaker side in such relations. European Court of Human Rights in its practice recognized law violation as sufficient moral satisfaction for a person, but the debate rises if law violation can be attributed to non-pecuniary damage, because the article 6.250 in Lithuanian Civil Code imperatively established that the non-pecuniary damage must be compensated in money.