Rentgenografijos taikymas archeologiniams radiniams tirti

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Archeologija; Archeologiniai radiniai; Korozija; Metodai; Rentgeno spinduliai; Tyrimas rentgeno spinduliais; Archaeological finds; Archaeology; Corrosion; Methods; X-radiography; X-rays.

ENFollowing W. C. Roentgen’s discovery of X-rays in 1895, a completely new way for people to "look through things" opened up. While the first published images demonstrated the technique’s potential for medical uses, X-rays of Egyptian mummies soon established its potential also for archaeological applications. Since then, the technique has become a valuable tool for the investigation of cultural material. This paper gives a short description of the X-ray method and its adaptation for investigating archaeological finds. X-radiography is an invaluable investigative technique as it is quick and nondestructive. A good-quality X-radiograph may show the size, shape, and construction details of archeological finds as well as provide a range of technological information such as manufacturing methods, decoration, joins, breaks, and old repairs. This information is necessary to identify, classify and date particularly archaeological metallic objects obscured by corrosion layers and burial accretions. In recent decades, modern laboratories widely use nondestructive or just a small sample requiring X-ray-based instrumental methods for analysing the chemical composition and microstructure of various materials. The four most common X-ray methods used to investigate archaeological objects are X-ray computed tomography (CT scan), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX). [From the publication]