Old Prussian participles
LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Baltų ir slavų kalbos; Būtojo laiko veikiamosios rūšies dalyviai; Dalyviai; Dalyvis; Esamojo laiko neveikiamosios rūšies dalyviai; Fleksija; Lyginamoji istorinė gramatika; Morfologinė analizė; Neveikiamoji rūšis; Prūsų kalba; Veikiamoji rūšis; Šaknies balsių kaita (abliautas); Active voice; Alternation of the root vowel (ablaut); Balto-Slavic; Comparative grammar; Flexion; Morphological analysis; Old Prussian; Participle; Participles; Passive voice; Past active participle; Present passive participle; Prussian language.
ENThe Balto-Slavic passive present participle in -m- is reflected in the isolated form poklausīmanas, which requires an emendation. There is no evidence for an active present participle as a living category in the Enchiridion. This may explain the replacement of /sindants/ by the active past participle /sldons/. The formation of -sins, -sentismu is of particular interest because it shows an original alternation between zero and full grade. We must reconstruct a Balto-Slavic nom.sg. form *esints, which is supported by the corresponding Old Lithuanian participle in Daukša's Postille; the masc. nom.pl. form represents the original neuter singular *esint. The active past participle ends in -uns or -ons. The ending -cms is regular under the stress in all three catechisms. In the Enchiridion I find 9x -uns for -ons after a consonant and no instances of -ons for -uns after a vowel. I regard deviations from the expected distribution of -ons and -uns as irregularities and occurrences of -ans or -ins as mistakes. The alternation of the root vowel between gemmons and acc.sg. ainangimmusin "Eingebornen" suggests the existence of the same original ablaut as in the nf-participle. The fern, nom.sg. form aulausē "todt" shows that this proterodynamic formation adopted the corresponding hysterodynamic flexion in Prussian. [From the publication]
