Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės materialinės kultūros terminų istorijos problemos (ванъчес, клепка, василки, фашольц, клепачи)

• Problems of the history of the terms of material culture of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (ванъчес, клепка, василки, фашольц, клепачи)
• The Article analyses problems of historical forestry terminology of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th –the 18th century. It focuses primarily on the terms of kinds of wood products exported from the GDL, the terms, which are usually defined in historiography incorrectly (ванъчес, клепка, василки, фашольц, клепачи). On the basis of literature describing forestry in Poland and the GDL region in the 19th century the article attempts to define kinds of processed timber, its forms and sizes and the technology more precisely. The result of this work is the following defined terms for timber prepared for export: 1) vančosas "a rectangular three-sided split oak timber with one round debarked side”. 2) klepkos "rectangular split oak blanks for barrel staves”. 3) fasholcas "rectangular split oak blanks exported to the Netherlands to manufacture barrels”. 5) dvigubos prancūziškos klepkos "bigger rectangular split oak blanks exported to France to manufacture barrels”. This is only a preliminary list of terms since it is necessary to consider great difficulties arising in defining multilingual and approximate historical terms from historical sources for this long period during the 16th – the 18th century. At the end of the article the erroneous association of the klepočiai of one peasant service of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the production of klepkos is discussed: [prepared by DB "Lituanistika"]

LTStraipsnyje analizuojama LDK XVI – XVIII a. vartotų miškininkystės terminų problematika. Dėmesys sutelktas visų pirma į terminus, įvardijusius iš LDK eksportuotą medienos produkciją, nes šie terminai istoriografijoje dažniausiai aiškinami klaidingai. Vančosas buvo dideli balkiai išpjauti iš ąžuolų, šis ruošinys buvo trijų briaunų, kurio viena pusė palikta apvali su žieve. Klepkos – ąžuolinės lentelės, skirtos statinėms gaminti. Fasholcu buvo vadinamos stačiakampės skeltinės ąžuolo lentelės skirtos tam tikro tipo statinėms gaminti. Olandiškos klepkos – skaldytas keturių briaunų ruošinys, kuris būdavo eksportuojamas į Olandiją statinėms gaminti. Dvigubos prancūziškos klepkos – didesnis skaldytas keturių briaunų ruošinys, kuris buvo eksportuojamas į Prancūziją statinėms gaminti. Tai tik preliminarus terminų sąrašas, nes kyla nemažai sunkumų aiškinant šio ilgo periodo nuo XVI iki XVIII a. istoriniuose šaltiniuose aptinkamus multilingvistinius ir apytikslius istorinius terminus.Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos Metrika; Socioekonominiai santykiai; Terminija.

ENThe article analyzes the problems of the terms of forestry, used in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th – 18th century. First and foremost the attention is dedicated to the terms, denoting the timber products, exported from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, since the terms are most usually erroneously construed in the historiography. “Vančosas” were big stocks, cut out of oaks, they had three edges, one of which was round with the bark left. “Klepkos” were oak plates, used for production of barrels. “Fasholc” were rectangular split oak plates, used for production of barrels of a specific type. “Olandiškos klepkos” was a chopped product of four edges, which was exported to Holland for production of barrels. “Dvigubos prancūziškos klepkos” was a bigger chopped product of four edges, which was exported to France for production of barrels. The list of terms is only preliminary, since there have been a lot of difficulties in interpretation of the multilinguistic and approximate historical terms, met in the historical sources of the 16th – 18th century, which is a quite a long period of time.