Žmogiškojo ir socialinio kapitalo plėtojimas ugdant specialistų kompetencijas aukštojoje mokykloje

LTPasaulinė praktika rodo, kad sėkmingai vystosi tos šalys, kuriose išplėtotas žmogiškasis ir socialinis kapitalas. Lietuvos ekonominėje sistemoje tai ypač aktualus klausimas, nes vienas svarbiausių gamybos veiksnių yra kvalifikuota darbo jėga. Lietuvos ekonominė sistema, plėtodama XXI a. Europos socialinio rinkos ūkio modelį, savo strategijoje akcentuoja žinių visuomenės, saugios visuomenės ir konkurencingos ekonomikos svarbą, grindžiamą žmogiškuoju ir socialiniu kapitalu. Žmogiškojo ir socialinio kapitalo būsena ir jos kitimo tendencijos lemia pridedamosios vertės kūrimo kitimo tendencijas, inovacijų diegimą, įsidarbinimo galimybes, pajamų lygį, verslumą ir pan. Problemos sprendimas reikalauja gerinti švietimo, tarp jo ir aukštojo mokslo sistemos, veiklos rezultatus, ugdant jaunų specialistų kompetencijas, ir sudaryti palankesnes sąlygas jaunimui patekti į darbo rinką.

ENThe aim of the article is to analyse how human and social capital influence professional competencies in higher education. Human capital includes not only personal skills and knowledge but also their reserves used specifically for society reproduction to promote labour productivity and production growth, deter salary rise, and stimulate investment in education and growth of professional competencies. A significant role in the development of human capital is played by higher education institutions whose contribution of human capital formation is to provide education. In Lithuania the number of students pursuing higher education in the period between 2000 and 2009 increased by 6.3%, while the growth rates in the EU-27 were 2.3%. Salaries vary depending on the level of employees’ education and professional competencies. For example, the salaries of Lithuanians who have higher education are 211.4% higher than of those who have incomplete secondary education; while in the EU-27 countries salaries are 169.3% higher.Human capital is closely related to social capital because education, lifelong learning, training and growth of professional competencies are hardly possible without reliable social relationships and ties that are regarded as social capital. While analysing social capital, the question arises if social network can become a connection among individuals, groups, organizations both nationally and globally. Social networking may be developed through higher education in several major areas, such as social capital among institutions of higher education (exchange programs for students and lecturers, joint degree programs, etc.) and development of social relationships in higher education and business / employer (e.g. internship organizations for students, grants given by employers, etc.).