Lytinių nusikaltimų psichofiziologiniai tyrimai poligrafu ir prevencija

LTStraipsnyje pateiksime naujas tendencijas psichofiziologinio tyrimo poligrafu (toliau – tyrimas poligrafu) taikyme. Lyginant su Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijomis, Japonija, Rusija, Lenkija Lietuvoje dar yra labai mažai mokslinių darbų, skirtų tyrimų poligrafu problematikai. Remdamiesi užsienio valstybių patirtimi matome naujas galimybes Lietuvoje poligrafu tirti asmenims, nuteistiems už nusikaltimus žmogaus seksualinio apsisprendimo laisvei ir neliečiamumui ir lygtinai paleistiems iš pataisos įstaigų. Remdamiesi užsienio mokslininkų tyrimais Lietuvos teisiniu reglamentavimu ir mūsų patirtimi norime pradėti diskusiją apie tyrimo poligrafu taikymą asmenims lygtinai paleistiems iš pataisos įstaigų.

ENIn the article a group of authors representing three different yet congenerous law enforcement institutions for the first time in Lithuania analyse the relevance of the issue from both – legal-theoretical and practical aspect in the future perspective. The authors build their analysis on scientific works and research conducted by foreign and Lithuanian scientists and by analysing the application of psychophysiological polygraph examination aim at: establishing whether polygraph examination is an efficient method for probationers and subjects seeking probation; establishing whether the application of polygraph examination for probationers can prove useful determining if the subjects refrain from new offences especially the ones that they have been sentenced or punished for and establishing whether the offenders follow the key probation conditions; verifying whether polygraph examinations are applicable for medical or psychiatric diagnostic and treatment purposes. For example, scrutinizing the possible exacerbation of the subject's sexual or suicidal inclinations, thus enabling effective and timely behaviour modification; posing other questions of general manner. For example, is polygraph examination applicable for preventive purposes seeking to deter the subject from offence in general or a particular type of violation, habitual general offence or particular violations and crimes, etc.? At the end of the article the authors arrive at the following conclusions. Lithuania has legal basis and possibilities for polygraph examinations though spheres of its application are rather limited. The Law on Polygraph Application and several other legal enactments require amendments and additions.The Law on Polygraph Application is not only morally and legally obsolete but also fails to satisfy the present needs in Lithuania and abroad. Having considered foreign practice and expert opinions we believe that application of polygraph examination for probationers is advisable and would reinforce the processes of probation and conditional discharge, provide additional control to the subjects of the said processes and thus enhance public safety and security. Lithuania has all necessary prerequisites for the application of polygraph examinations in the processes of probation and conditional discharge, i. e. leaving aside the legal basis Lithuania has about ten computer-aided polygraphs, specialists to work with them and relevant methodology (EKT). We have already pointed out in our previous works that it is necessary to educate law enforcement officers on the usage of the polygraph. The results of a questionnaire shortly referred to in the article indicate that equally important is to provide technical information on the polygraph and related methodologies to commissioners of probation and conditional discharge services.