Vladislovo Vazos medaliai

LTStraipsnyje apžvelgiami medaliai išleisti ne tik LDK, bet ir tie, kurie sukurti su Lenkijos ir Lietuvos valstybės valdovo institucija susijusiomis progomis - karūnavimu, vedybomis, karais. Šie medaliai buvo kaldinti Lenkijos kalyklose bei laisvame mieste Dancige. Lietuvoje tai pirmas bandymas pristatyti Vladislovo Vazos medalius lituanistiniu aspektu. Be to, tai pirmas reikšmingesnis S. Dadlerio reljefų, kuriuose įamžinta LDK kova dėl Smolensko, pristatymas mūsų visuomenei. Vieno iš triumfo prie Smolensko medalio mecenatu buvo LDK lauko etmonas Kristupas II Radvila (1585-1640). Prie straipsnio yra du priedai, skirti Vladislovo Vazos taleriams, saugomiems Lietuvos nacionaliniame muziejuje ir kolekcininko Zenono Pažarausko rinkiniuose. Sudaroma galimybė palyginti Vladislovo Vazos portretus, esančius medaliuose ir stambaus nominalo monetose. Be to, tai svarbi informacija kiekvienam numizmatui.

ENThe medals related to the institution of Vladislaus Vaza, the ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian state (Republic), and created on the occasions of his marriages, on the event of his coming to the royal throne as well as on the instances of honour winning in wars are reviewed in the article. In Lithuania, this is the very first instance of trying to present these works of art. Great estimators of Vladislaus Vaza’s medals were Radvilas, the dignity men of Lithuania. The oldest Lithuanian Nesvyžius Radvila’s collection, Duke Kristupas II Radvila’s (1585-1640) collection in Biržai as well as Mykolas Jeronimas Radvila’s (1744-1831) collection in Nieborów contained these medals. At present, six Vladislaus Vaza’s medals are being kept at Lithuanian museums. King Vladislaus Vaza continued his father Sigismundus Vaza’s fight for the Swedish throne and this is reflected by the Swedish King’s title and heraldry used on the medals. The Jogailaičiai subject was of great importance to Vladislaus Vaza in relation to his aspiration to take the throne of the Republic. The motto „VEL SIC ENITAR“ engraved on the very first medals of the king is meant to belong to Vladislaus II Jogailaitis. Alessandro Abondio (1570-1648), an engraver of the Austrian emperor might have created the very first medal to King Vladislaus Vaza in 1624. Vladislaus Vaza’s coming to the throne was marked by four medals. One of them was created by the Vilnius engraver Johann Engelhard with the mótto „HONOR VIRTUTIS PRAEMIUM“on it. In honour of Vladislaus Vaza the medals with State’s symbolics on the reverse side of them were forged. It is supposed that one of them is the inheritance of the Vilnius mint, the master Hannus Trilner. The Vilnius voivode Kristupas II Radvila’s and Vladislaus Vaza’s victory at Smolensk in 1633 and, later, peace treaties with Turkey and Sweden were immortalised by medals of triumph. Sebastian Dadler is the author of these medals.They were ordered by the estate manor of the king as well as by the Danzig town council under the patronage of which Vladislaus Vaza’s medals had existed. Vladislaus Vaza’s marriage to Cecilia Renata, daughter of emperor Ferdinand I of Austria in 1637 as well as to Liudvika Maria, daughter of Duke Carolus de Gonzaga of Nevers and Mantuja (Carolus I) in 1646, are also immortalized on the medals created by Sebastian Dadler and Johann Hoehn (The Elder). In numismatic literature one of the works of Hannus Trilner, a master of the Vilnius mint, is bearing contradictory statements. It is dated 1639. Only two examples are known and they are kept at the National Museum in Kraków and at the Art History Museum in Vienna. It is called the Lithuanian portugal (10 ducats) by some of the authors [Tyszkiewicz 1875, S. 22], Emeric Hutten-Czapski 5838R8, Eugenijus Ivanauskas, Zenonas Pažarauskas. While others, such as Stanislovas Sajauskas and Domininkas Kaubrys call it a medal. It is called a medal in the first works of Marian Gumowski, and, later, Graz colled it a portugal in his work Handbuch der Polnischen Numismatik, in 1960. As the author of the article states, it is a portugal. The metal, the mass, the ruler’s portrait and the State Emblem correspond to the indications of the portugal as of a coin. The indications are replenished by the ornament of notches decorating the revers as well as the date (devided fairly evenly into two halves) marked on it, this used to be done on some tailers. The appendixes provide with the information about Vladislaus Vaza’s tailers which are being kept at the Lithuanian National Museum (appendix 1) as well as those which are in the collection of Zenonas Pažarauskas.