Vakarų Europos gobelenai LDK valdovų ir didikų dvaruose
ENThe article deals with the Gobelins from Western Europe which belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th-18th centuries. The attention is paid to the pragmatic relation with art of the customers of these fabrics. The pragmatic attitude towards art is indicated as one of the reasons why today it is difficult or, sometimes, it is impossible to reveal the exact sources of the occurrence as well as of the development of the western European Gobelins in Lithuania. The fabrics of Žygimantas Augustas are undoubtedly regarded as one of the most valuable Lithuanian-Polish collections of the Gobelins and it is also considered to be the largest and the most matured collection among the collections of the Renaissance Gobelins throughout the whole of Europe of the 16th century. The facts presented allow to make well-founded conclusions about the ties of the collection with the Vilnius Residence of the Grand Duke. The Grand Duke’s liking of artistic textiles as well as his bounds with the magnates and art centres of Western Europe have played an important role for the spread of these fabrics among the collections of the dignity of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.It is noted that from the very beginning the Gobelins were estimated as effective, easily transported decorations responding to the didactic and representative needs of the customers perfectly well. The situation of the development of the similar fabrics compared to that in the West gives an opportunity to conclude that the most common features of the artistic fabrics of Western Europe are reflected by the Gobelins of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of the Renaissance period. It is stated that more important dividing features between the Gobelins of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and those of Western Europe occurred in the 17th century and in the second half of it, particularly; thus, it was when Europe was flooded by French fabrics. Even by the end of the 17th century weaving shops of Flanders were preferred by the noble men of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Such relationship between the vogue of the elite and that of the provinces which dominated in Europe of the 17th century with greater prevalence than in the 16th century has reflected itself in the collections of the Gobelins of the dignity as well as of the nobles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The spread of the Gobelins of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of the 17th century was more intensive within the limits of the same social layer differently from that in the West. The article declares that during the gradual fall of the production of artistic weaving in Western Europe the needs of the artistic fabrics were met by the flourishing local weaving shops of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania the growth of which was inspired on the initiative of the dignity of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
