Dailės katedrų įkūrimo Vilniaus universitete istorinės aplinkybės

LTŠio straipsnio tikslas daugiau proginis, švietėjiškas, nei mokslinis - pabandyti trumpai, iš pilietinės istorijos ir istoriko pozicijų apibūdinti tą epochą, kurioje buvo įkurtos Architektūros ir Dailės katedros, t. y. architektūra ir dailė tapo daugiau mažiau atskirais studijų aukštojoje mokykloje dalykais, o kartu ir profesijomis, reikalaujančiomis aukštojo mokslo. Sykiu tai buvo epocha, kurioje teko gyventi ir veikti Pranciškui Smuglevičiui.

ENThe article deals with the political and cultural situation which influenced on establishing departments of Architecture and Art Subjects at old Vilnius University in the end of the 18th c. - beginning of the 19th c. Just it was a period of liquidation of Polish - Lithuanian State and Lithuania’s annextion of the Russian Empire. In the 8th -9th decennia of the 18th c. the Polish - Lithuanian Educational Commission began to create educational system, based on the principles of a public educational ideology. So the system was not destroyed after Lithuania’s annextion of the Russian Empire. The czarist authorities did not begin the russification, did not limit to the activity of Vilnius Higher School so much. In the beginning of the 19th c. the educational reform of all Russia was carried out according to the modificated model of the Educational Commission, and established Vilnius Educational District with its center Vilnius University got some kind of autonomy. That allowed to establish in Vilnius University the teaching system of architecture and art subjects. So that formed a point of view of cultivated public that the artry wealth might be created in own country, the artist’s profession is honourable craft for representatives of nobility.