Esminio sutarties pažeidimo samprata pagal Lietuvos Respublikos civilinį kodeksą

LTCivilinio kodekso 6 knygos XVIII skyrius reglamentuoja sutarčių pasibaigimo pagrindus ir tvarką bei laikydamasis 1994 m. UNIDROIT instituto parengtais tarptautinių komercinių s u tarčių principais įveda į Lietuvos civilinės teisės sistemą naują esminio sutarties pažeidimo sąvoką. šiame straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti esminio sutarties pažeidimo sąvokos, kuri įtvirtinta Kodekso 6.217 straipsnyje, turinį nurodant kiekvieno jos kriterijaus reikšmę bei įvardijant galimą naują kriterijų šiai sąvokai atskleisti. Esminis sutarties pažeidimas (neįvykdymas) yra būdingas vertinamosios normos pavyzdys, todėl ji neturi konkretaus Ir apibrėžto turinio. Gali būti nurodomi tik šios normos taikymo pavyzdžiai - jie ir patelkiami straipsnyje. Autoriaus manymu, konkretus esminio sutarties pažeidimo turinys priklauso tik nuo konkrečių faktinių aplinkybių. Atsižvelgdamas į CK 6.217 straipsnyje įtvirtintų kriterijų priėmimo istoriją bei jais ginamus interesus autorius prieina prie straipsnio pabaigoje pateikiamų išvadų. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Civilinė teisė; Esminis sutarties pažeidimas; Sutarties nevykdymas, esminis sutarties pažeidimas, sąžiningumo principas; Sutarties neįvykdymas; Sąžiningumo principas; Civil law; Fundamental breach of contract; Non-performance of contract, fundamental breach of contract, principle of good faith; Non-performance of the contract; Principle of good faith.

ENThe Civil Code, in comparison with the Code of 1964, expanded and detailed regulation of civil relationships in the Republic of Lithuania. Law on obligations and one of its main institutes, law on contracts, have not avoided material changes as well. Practical importance of law on contracts is undisputed in the contemporary market economy. Therefore, it's very relevant that the novels of law on contracts, which are established in the Civil Code, were understood and interpreted correctly. Section XVIII of the Book 6 of the Civil Code regulates grounds and order of termination of contracts and following the principles of international commercial contracts prepared by UNIDROIT on 1994, introduces a team „fundamental breach of a contract", a concept that is new in the Lithuanian civil system. This article attempts to reveal the content of a concept „fundamental breach of a contract" that is established in the Article 6.217 of the Code by pointing out the meaning of each of its criteria as well as to denominate a possible new criterion that would reveal that concept. In the author's opinion, a concept „non-performance of a contract" used in the Article 6.217 of the CC should be interpreted extensively, i.e. in compliance with Article 6.205, as meaning a nonperformance of any obligation under a contract, including improper performance as well as performance behind time. When interpreting criteria set forth in paragraph 2 of the Article 6.217 of the CC, one should not regard a fact of „breach" of a contractual obligation as a necessary typical characteristic of all criteria provided for in this Article.Fundamental breach of a contract (non-performance) is a typical example of a evaluative norm; therefore, it has no particular and defined content. Only examples of application of this norm, which were provided in the article, may be prescribed. The author makes a conclusion that the particular content of a fundamental breach of a contract will depend on a particular factual situation. Referring to the legislative history of the criteria established in the Article 6.217 of the CC as well as to the interests, which they defend, while deciding whether a contract has been validly terminated on the grounds of the Article 6.217 of the CC, the author suggests compulsory evaluation of only two criteria the one of which is in the subparagraph 5 of the paragraph 2 of the Article 6.217 of the CC and another is the very first criteria provided in the subparagraphs 1 of the paragraph 2 of the Article 6.217 of the CC. Considering that a phrase ..intentionally or due to a gross negligence", which is used in the subparagraph 3 of the paragraph 2 of the Article 6.217 of the CC that repeats the Article 7.3.1 (2) (c) of UNIDROIT Principles, contradicts a provision in Principles that provides for requirement of performance of an obligation without regard to a party's fault, the author also suggests the following reformulation of the said criterion: „whether a principle of good faith has been materially violated". According to the article's author, such formulation should eliminate the established contradiction without lessening the former regulatory scope of the norm. [Text from author]