Constitutionalization of the principle of gender equality in the legislation of different countries

ENThe purpose of this study was to identify promising areas for improving the constitutionalization of the principle of gender equality in Kazakhstan, drawing on the practices of European countries. Using formal-logical, system-structural, comparativelegal and modelling methods, it analyses legal development, regulatory interaction and future directions. The study identified the specific features of constitutional regulation of equality of rights and freedoms of men and women in Kazakhstan and European countries, emphasizing that eliminating discrimination is a core value of democratic systems. Embedding such principles in constitutional law promotes progressive social change. The study highlights that achieving true gender equality requires transforming traditional views of men’s and women’s roles in society. Without this shift, imbalances and unclear expectations persist. Examining successful practices in the Czech Republic, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Portugal and Lithuania, the study suggests practical ways to adapt these approaches to Kazakhstan’s legal framework. It recommends establishing a dedicated coordinating body to oversee gender equality and implementing targeted programmes with clear priorities and strategies to support gender mainstreaming. Keywords: women’s rights; legal regulation; foreign experience; discrimination; coordinating bodies.