Valandos už mirusiuosius Dzūkijoje

LTRemiantis Katalikų Bažnyčios istorijos, etnologijos ir etnomuzikologijos duomenimis šiame straipsnyje analizuojama valandų už mirusiuosius kilmė bei jų įtraukimo į pridedamąsias pamaldas priežastys. Straipsnyje aptariama šių valandų giesmių atlikimo tradicija, atskleidžiamos jų sąsajos su grigališkojo choralo melodika. Ekspedicijų tyrimų medžiagos analizė parodo, kad šiandien valandų už mirusiuosius giedojimo apeigos išlikusios tik Pietų Dzūkijoje. Nors šios valandų giedojimo apeigos jau neįtrauktos į Katalikų liturginį maldyną, jos yra senųjų katalikiškų laidotuvių bei budynių prie mirusiojo apeigų paveldas.

ENThe object of article is special religious The Hours for deceased songs, wich are sung only in the south of Dzūkija ethnographic region during funeral rituals. The aim, is to disclose the origin of this songs, to present their melodies, to show the traditions of their performance, significance and need of their usage nowadays. The research was done using analitical method - analysis of historical sources and expeditionary materials. The research revealed, that The Hours for deceased are found in one of the oldest catholic prayer - books, called "Source", translated from Polish and published since 1740'th. It is posible, that The Hours for deceased as The Hours of St. Mary of Virgin, are the relict of Fransican and Jesuitic culture, who widened religious songs in additional service. Nowadays the songsters are using retranslated texts of The Hours for deceased to correct lithuanian, but not polish - lithuanian language (basing on the data from expeditionary materials, the texts was retranslated by songter Petras Chesnulis, in the end of XIXth century). The Hours for deacesed math such criteria of folk art as oral form of transmission, relations with ritual and worship. Songs melodies have connections with the Gregorian choral melodies. In the religious aspect, The Hours for deceased, as the additional funeral service songs, although passing into oblivion and surviving at the time only with the help of oral transfering tradition (not exist in the published Lithuanian Catholics Liturgy song book), nowadays are significant as the heritage of the old additional funeral rites and is the example of true catholic religious consciousness.