Žemės ūkio subjektų kooperatinio kreditavimo įgyvendinimo galimybės

LTDabar Lietuvoje veikianti kredito sistema sunkiai prieinama žemdirbiams dėl nuosavų lėšų stygiaus investicijų daliai finansuoti, dėl ganai griežtų reikalavimų užstatui, dėl nemažos palūkanų ir kitų kreditavimo paslaugų naštos. Pagrindinės kreditinės institucijos, dalyvaujančios kreditų rinkoje, – komerciniai bankai, lizingo bendrovės ir kredito unijos. Specialių kreditinių organizacijų, kredituojančiu tik žemės ūkį nėra. Todėl žemdirbių kreditavimo problemas būtina spręsti radikaliomis priemonėmis. Šiame straipsnyje išnagrinėtos tarpukario ir dabartinė kredito sistemos bei galimybės suteikti paskolas žemės ūkio subjektams palankesnėmis sąlygomis, pritaikius kooperatinio kredito galimybes. Siūloma įkurti komanditines kooperatines kredito bendroves (komanditinius kredito kooperatyvus arba komanditines kredito unijas).

ENAssets of credit institutions increased every quarter. The largest share (81.6%) of these assets comprised of reserves, foreign assets and claims on both the private sector and the Central government. At the end of December 2002, claims equalled 68.8% of the total assets of credit institutions. The amount of claims increased by LTL 898,9 million, or 8.4% over a quarter. Loans made up the largest part (73.6%) of the claims. Short-term loans accounted for 26.8%; long - term loans made up another 73.2% of the total loans of credit institutions. During the quarter, the amount of short-term loans and long term-loans grew by LTL 193.1 million (9.2%) and LTL 622.3 million (11.0%), respectively. Loans in Litas accounted for 50.5%; loans in foreign currencies equalled another 49.5per cent of the total loans of credit institutions. The amount of loans in Litas grew by LTL 739.3 million (20.6%), whereas that in foreign currencies increased by LTL 76.1 million (1.8%). The loans for agriculture are decreased each quarter. At the end of December they were only 166.9 million or 2.3% of the total loans of credit institutions. In 2001, the Government of Lithuania presented the development strategy of Lithuanian economy. One of the most important notices the project coordinators express is that financial intermediaries in Lithuania are subdivisions of foreign institutions or daughter companies. The last national state bank has been sold in March and credit unions remained the last credit institutions in Lithuania owned of national capital.Credit unions are cooperative credit institutions based on Lithuanian capital and under the laws no foreign investitures may take them over. Lithuanian financial experts have expressed their concern on Lithuanian money held in foreign banks. During the 2002 credit unions proved advantages against foreign banks. Association of Lithuanian Credit Unions calculated that a credit union is well positioned in community and becomes financially sound and effective if assets stretch to 2,000,000 Litas and membership reaches 500 members. These indexes are not sufficient. Credit unions grant long-term and short-term loans to their members for purchasing movable property, real estate or house - hold appliances, paying for household services, development of their economy, professional activity or small-scale business; for other special purpose, provided by the regulations of the credit union. Without additional financial resources economy is not able to achieve progress. Credit is the main form of assistance for agriculture business. Therefore a state must support the creation of credit institutions, stimulate competition. The noonday system of credit is heavily approach for farmers as to insufficient own financial resources for the financing of the part of infestations, as to sufficient strong demands to credit security, as to non-endurable weight of interest and others services of crediting. The possibility to give loans to agriculture under more favorable conditions will come with re-creating the cooperative credit system, which existed before the World War II. [...].